Spectra and spacecraft

Abstract In June 1999, Dr. Regis Courtin, Associate Editor of PSS, suggested that I write an article for the new section of this journal: “Planetary Pioneers”. I hesitated , but decided to try. One of the reasons for my doubts was my primitive English, so I owe the reader an apology for this in advance. Writing took me much more time than I supposed initially, I have stopped and again returned to manuscript many times. My professional life may be divided into three main phases: pioneering work in ground-based IR astronomy with an emphasis on planetary spectroscopy (1955–1970), studies of the planets with spacecraft (1970–1989), and attempts to proceed with this work in difficult times. I moved ahead using the known method of trials and errors as most of us do. In fact, only a small percentage of efforts led to some important results, a sort of dry residue. I will try to describe below how has it been in my case: what may be estimated as the most important, how I came to this, what was around, etc.

[1]  Conway W. Snyder,et al.  Spacecraft exploration of Mars , 1992 .

[2]  J. P. Bibring,et al.  Spatial variations in thermal and albedo properties of the surface of Phobos , 1989, Nature.

[3]  C. Sagan,et al.  Intelligent Life in the Universe , 1966 .

[4]  G. Kuiper,et al.  Planets and Satellites , 1961 .

[5]  V. Moroz,et al.  Spectrum of the Venus day sky , 1980, Nature.

[6]  W. Sinton,et al.  On the composition of martian surface materials , 1967 .

[7]  G. Kuiper Infrared Spectra of Planets. , 1947 .

[8]  Larry W. Esposito,et al.  SO2 in the Middle Atmosphere of Venus: IR Measurements from Venera-15 and Comparison to UV Data , 1993 .

[9]  A. T. Young Are the clouds of venus sulfuric acid , 1973 .

[10]  Thermal imaging of the surface of Mars , 1989, Nature.

[11]  V. Moroz Physics of the planets. , 1968 .

[12]  Oleg Korablev,et al.  Vertical Distribution of Water in the Near-Equatorial Troposphere of Mars: Water Vapor and Clouds , 1997 .

[13]  G. Vaucouleurs Physics of the Planet Mars , 1952 .

[14]  A. A. Galeev,et al.  Vega spacecraft encounters with comet Halley , 1986 .

[15]  David Crisp,et al.  Near-infrared light from Venus' nightside - A spectroscopic analysis , 1993 .

[16]  V. I. Moroz,et al.  Spectral Reflectivity of Phobos' Regolith within the Range 315-600 nm , 1995 .

[17]  J. Bibring,et al.  Composite KRFM-ISM spectrum of Phobos (0.315-3.1 microns) , 1991 .

[18]  V. I. Moroz,et al.  Vertical profiles of dust and ozone in the martian atmosphere deduced from solar occultation measurements , 1989, Nature.

[19]  G. M. Keating,et al.  The Venus international reference atmosphere , 1986 .

[20]  P. Mormède The vasopressin receptor antagonist dPTyr(Me)AVP does not prevent stress-induced ACTH and corticosterone release , 1983, Nature.

[21]  S. Erard,et al.  Results from the ISM experiment , 1989, Nature.

[22]  B. E. Moshkin,et al.  Scattered UV solar radiation within the clouds of Venus , 1984, Nature.

[23]  V. I. Moroz,et al.  WATER VAPOUR IN THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE OF VENUS : AN IMPROVED TREATMENT OF THE VENERA 15 IR SPECTRA , 1999 .

[24]  G. Kuiper Infrared observations of planets and satellites , 1957 .

[25]  N. S. Kardashev Astrophysics on the threshold of the 21st century , 1992 .

[26]  C. B. Farmer,et al.  Structure and meteorology of the middle atmosphere of Venus: Infrared remote sensing from the Pioneer Orbiter , 1980 .

[27]  Yu. M. Gektin,et al.  Aerosol component of the Martian atmosphere and its variability from the results of infrared radiometry in the Termoscan/Phobos-2 experiment , 1997 .

[28]  C. W. Wood,et al.  Observation of an Emission Feature at 11.7 cm−1 , 1971 .

[29]  B. E. Moshkin,et al.  Water vapour in the lower atmosphere of Venus: a new analysis of optical spectra measured by entry probes , 1997 .

[30]  V. I. Moroz,et al.  Structure of the venus middle atmosphere: Venera 15 fourier spectrometry data revisited , 1999 .

[31]  Henry E. Revercomb,et al.  Solar and thermal radiation in the Venus atmosphere , 1985 .

[32]  Michel Combes,et al.  The 2.5-12 μm spectrum of comet halley from the IKS-VEGA experiment , 1988 .

[33]  V. Moroz,et al.  Spectrophotometry of Mars in the KRFM experiment of the Phobos mission : some properties of the particles of atmospheric aerosols and the surface , 1993 .

[34]  V. Moroz Experimental data on aerosols on Mars: VIKING, PHOBOS and future missions , 1995 .

[35]  L. Zasova,et al.  A new interpretation of the Venera 11 spectra of Venus I. The 0.94-μm water band , 1984 .

[36]  V. Moroz,et al.  VEGA 1 and VEGA 2 entry probes: An investigation of local UV absorption (220–400 nm) in the atmosphere of Venus (SO2 aerosols, cloud structure) , 1996 .