ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF LABOUR MARKET POLICIES ON PRODUCTIVITY: A DIFFERENCE-IN-DIFFERENCES APPROACH

The impact of four labour market policies – employment protection legislation, minimum wages, parental leave and unemployment benefits – on productivity is examined here, using annual cross-country aggregate data on these policies and industry-level data on productivity from 1979 to 2003. We use a "difference-in-differences" framework, which exploits likely differences in the productivity effect of policies in different industries. Our identifying assumption is that a specific policy influences worker or firm behaviour, and thereby productivity, more in industries where the policy in question is likely to be more binding than in other industries. The advantage of this approach is twofold. First, as in standard cross-country analysis, we can exploit the cross-country variation of policies. Second, in contrast with standard cross-country analysis, we can control for unobserved factors that, on average, are likely to have the same effect on productivity in both policy-binding and non-binding industries. Nous examinons l'impact de quatre politiques du marche du travail – la legislation pour la protection de l'emploi, le salaire minimum, le conge parental et l'indemnisation du chomage – sur la productivite. Pour ces politiques, nous utilisons des donnees annuelles agregees comparables entre pays ainsi que des donnees sectorielles sur la productivite de 1979 a 2003 sont utilisees. Nous analysons ces donnees sur la base d'une methode de "difference de differences", qui exploite la variabilite des effets des politiques dans les differents secteurs. Notre strategie d'identification se fonde sur l'hypothese que les comportements des entreprises ou des salaries, et donc leur productivite, sont davantage influences par une politique dans les secteurs d'activite ou celle-ci est vraisemblablement plus contraignante. L'avantage de cette approche est double. D'une part, a l'instar des analyses agregees concernant plusieurs pays, nous pouvons exploiter la variabilite des politiques entre les pays. D'autre part, contrairement a ces analyses, nous pouvons controler pour des facteurs inobserves qui, en moyenne, ont vraisemblablement le meme effet sur la productivite dans les secteurs ou les politiques sont contraignantes et dans les secteurs ou elles ne le sont pas.

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