Nutrient and chlorophyll-a distribution in Makassar Upwelling Region: From MAJAFLOX CRUISE 2015

Upwelling is an important mechanism on productivity enhancement in the Southern Makassar Strait (MAK). Previous studies found correlation between upwelling and chlorophyll-a blooms, which is perhaps caused by nutrient regeneration from deeper water. Through a multi-disciplinary study “MAJAFLOX Cruise” in August 2015, CTD casts and seawater samples have been collected from Southern Makassar Strait. The present study aims to investigate relationship between physical processes of upwelling and nutrient usage, especially for nitrate, phosphate and silicate from regenerated processes to be used for the primary productivity (chlorophyll-a). The results show that upwelling centre is found near Dewakang Sill around station 5, associated with the highest chlorophyll-a concentration (0.438 µgL-1). Relatively high nutrient is also revealed in other station of observation. In sea surface layer, nitrate is high in station 1 to 3, phosphate high in station 2 and silicate high in station 9. This shifting of high nutrient concentration may indicate spatial variation of biogeochemical processes in the surface layer associated with nutrient fluxes.

[1]  A. G. Ilahude ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SOUTHERN MAKASSAR STRAIT , 2018 .

[2]  B. Nababan,et al.  The Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the South of Makassar Strait☆ , 2016 .

[3]  A. Atmadipoera,et al.  A NUMERICAL MODELING STUDY ON UPWELLING MECHANISM IN SOUTHERN MAKASSAR STRAIT , 2015 .

[4]  J. L. Gaol,et al.  Variability of Surface Chlorophyll-a in the Makassar Strait – Java Sea, Indonesia , 2014 .

[5]  Sun Fu-lin,et al.  Influence of environmental changes on phytoplankton pattern in Daya Bay, South China Sea , 2014 .

[6]  P. Strutton,et al.  Indonesian throughflow nutrient fluxes and their potential impact on Indian Ocean productivity , 2014 .

[7]  T. R. Adi,et al.  Variability of Indonesian throughflow within Makassar Strait, 2004–2009 , 2012 .

[8]  Akhmad Yusuf Zuhdy,et al.  WIND DRIVEN COASTAL UPWELLING ALONG SOUTH OF SULAWESI ISLAND , 2012 .

[9]  A. Mohanty,et al.  Spatio-temporal variation in physicochemical properties of coastal waters off Kalpakkam, southeast coast of India, during summer, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period , 2011, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[10]  Hiroshi Kawamura,et al.  Summertime Phytoplankton Bloom in the South Sulawesi Sea , 2011, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[11]  Janet Sprintall,et al.  Characteristics and variability of the Indonesian throughflow water at the outflow straits , 2009 .

[12]  Widodo Setiyo Pranowo,et al.  Makassar Strait throughflow, 2004 to 2006 , 2008 .

[13]  D. Barber,et al.  Vertical stability and the annual dynamics of nutrients and chlorophyll fluorescence in the coastal, southeast Beaufort Sea , 2008 .

[14]  L. D'croz,et al.  Variability in upwelling along the Pacific shelf of Panama and implications for the distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll , 2007 .

[15]  Á. Pérez-Ruzafa,et al.  Spatial and temporal variations of hydrological conditions, nutrients and chlorophyll a in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Mar Menor, Spain) , 2005, Hydrobiologia.

[16]  K. Arrigo Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles , 2005, Nature.

[17]  I. J. Hodgkiss,et al.  The effects of nutrients and their ratios on phytoplankton abundance in Junk Bay, Hong Kong , 2004, Hydrobiologia.

[18]  N. Rabalais,et al.  Future aquatic nutrient limitations. , 2003, Marine pollution bulletin.

[19]  P. Falkowski,et al.  Phytoplankton and Their Role in Primary, New, and Export Production , 2003 .

[20]  P. Fiedler The annual cycle and biological effects of the Costa Rica Dome , 2002 .

[21]  R. Najjar,et al.  A global monthly climatology of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate in the upper ocean: Spring‐summer export production and shallow remineralization , 2000 .

[22]  C. Langdon,et al.  Monsoonal differences in phytoplankton biomass and production in the Indonesian seas: Tracing vertical mixing using temperature , 1997 .

[23]  A. Gordon,et al.  Thermocline stratification within the Indonesian Seas , 1996 .

[24]  A. Gordon,et al.  Pathways of water between the Pacific and Indian oceans in the Indonesian seas , 1996, Nature.

[25]  A. Gordon,et al.  Vertical Mixing in the Indonesian Thermocline , 1992 .

[26]  R. Chester The transport of material to the oceans: relative flux magnitudes , 1990 .