A game based routing algorithm for congestion control of multimedia transmission in VANETs

When transmitting multimedia files in urban Vehicle Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), the routing protocol will find multiple next hops with different quality because of the intensive nodes. Owing to the selfishness of the nodes, all of the multimedia streams try to seize the high quality nodes, attempting to maximize their usage of the high quality nodes. Consequently, it would inevitably lead to network congestion, affecting the QoS performance of the network, and even cause network paralysis. To solve the problem, this work presents a shunting of multimedia game model and a game based routing algorithm for congestion control of multimedia transmission in VANETs. In this game model, each stream carrying messages is a player, and its strategy is to select the percentage of the steam routed through the high quality nodes. A payoff function based on node metrics is proposed. The existence and uniqueness of a Nash Equilibrium is proved. Finally, the results of simulation demonstrate the effectiveness of GRCCM.

[1]  L. Goddard,et al.  Operations Research (OR) , 2007 .

[2]  G. Kimeldorf,et al.  On Nash equilibrium points and games of imperfect information , 1972 .

[3]  David E. Bell,et al.  A Utility Function for Time Streams Having Inter-Period Dependencies , 1977, Oper. Res..

[4]  Roger B. Myerson,et al.  Game theory - Analysis of Conflict , 1991 .

[5]  David A. Maltz,et al.  Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 1994, Mobidata.

[6]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing , 1999, Proceedings WMCSA'99. Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.

[7]  Tracy Camp,et al.  A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research , 2002, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[8]  Anders Lindgren,et al.  Probabilistic Routing in Intermittently Connected Networks , 2004, SAPIR.

[9]  G. Gehlen,et al.  Mobile Web services for peer-to-peer applications , 2005, Second IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2005. CCNC. 2005.

[10]  Cauligi S. Raghavendra,et al.  Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks , 2005, WDTN '05.

[11]  R.C. Hsu,et al.  An Integrated Embedded System Architecture for In-Vehicle Telematics and Infotainment System , 2005, Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2005. ISIE 2005..

[12]  Yang Li,et al.  MMC03-5: A Game Theoretic Approach to Multi-Stream QoS Routing , 2006, IEEE Globecom 2006.

[13]  J. Ott,et al.  Increasing Reality for DTN Protocol Simulations , 2007 .

[14]  Cauligi S. Raghavendra,et al.  Spray and Focus: Efficient Mobility-Assisted Routing for Heterogeneous and Correlated Mobility , 2007, Fifth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerComW'07).

[15]  Liviu Iftode,et al.  Location-Aware Services over Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks using Car-to-Car Communication , 2007, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[16]  Donald F. Towsley,et al.  Relays, base stations, and meshes: enhancing mobile networks with infrastructure , 2008, MobiCom '08.

[17]  Edmund M. Yeh,et al.  Pricing, Competition, and Routing for Selfish and Strategic Nodes in Multi-Hop Relay Networks , 2007, IEEE INFOCOM 2008 - The 27th Conference on Computer Communications.

[18]  Amin Vahdat,et al.  Epidemic Routing for Partially-Connected Ad Hoc Networks , 2009 .

[19]  I-Fan Chen,et al.  An intelligent infotainment dissemination scheme for heterogeneous vehicular networks , 2009, Expert Syst. Appl..

[20]  Tarik Taleb,et al.  Experimental Evaluation of Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) Protocols for Long-Delay Cislunar Communications , 2009, GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[21]  Robin Kravets,et al.  Encounter-Based Routing in DTNs , 2009, INFOCOM.

[22]  Wang Jian-qiang,et al.  A novel opportunistic routing protocol applied to vehicular ad hoc networks , 2010, 2010 5th International Conference on Computer Science & Education.

[23]  Tomoyuki Ohta,et al.  A Store-Carry-Forward-Based Data Transfer Scheme Using Positions and Moving Direction of Vehicles for VANETs , 2011, 2011 Tenth International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems.

[24]  Zhou Su,et al.  A location aware virtual infrastructure for VANETs , 2011, 2011 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC).