In recent years, the oxidation of NH4+ using Fe(Ⅲ) as an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions (Feammox) has received significant research attention. In this study, the effect of pH and temperature on nitrogen conversion during the Feammox process was studied through activity recovery of Feammox sludge acclimated by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) sludge. Results showed that after 40 d operation, activity of Feammox sludge was recovered. There was evident ammonia nitrogen conversion and total nitrogen removal from the environment, and the products were mainly nitrate and nitrogen. The concentration of nitrite remained below 2 mg·L-1. pH value and temperature significantly influenced nitrogen transformation during the Feammox process. With pH value of 7 and temperature of 30℃ during the Feammox process, the removal rate of total nitrogen was relatively high (>50%). When the pH value was 6.5, the conversion rate of ammonia nitrogen was 80.2%. During the Feammox reaction process, precipitation of iron ion compounds and coating on the sludge surface were the main interference factors leading to continuous operation of the reactor and exploration of the reaction mechanism.