Effects of chitosan-oil coating on blue mold disease and quality attributes of jujube fruits.

The effects of chitosan coating enriched with cinnamon oil on blue mold disease and quality attributes were investigated. In the in vitro experiment, the results demonstrated that the antifungal activity against P. citrinum improved with increasing concentration of chitosan or cinnamon oil. In the in vivo study, chitosan-oil treatments significantly reduced fungal decay caused by P. citrinum and all compounds with cinnamon oil at 2.0% showed complete control of the growth of P. citrinum on wound-inoculated fruits. High chitosan-oil concentrations correlated with low disease incidence regardless of storage temperature. Treatments of chitosan-oil coating also inhibited the activity of polyphenol oxidase and maintained vitamin C and phenolic compounds in wounded jujube fruits. Results suggested that the effect of chitosan coating (1.0%) enriched with cinnamon oil (0.75%) on blue mold in jujube fruits may be associated with fungitoxic properties against the pathogen and the elicitation of biochemical defense responses in fruits.

[1]  R. Holley,et al.  Diffusion of Acetic and Propionic Acids from Chitosan-based Antimicrobial Packaging Films , 2000 .

[2]  Shang-Tzen Chang,et al.  Antitermitic activity of leaf essential oils and components from Cinnamomum osmophleum. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[3]  M. Galeazzi,et al.  Isolation, Purification and Physicochemical Characterization of Polyphenoloxidases (PPO) from a Dwarf Variety of Banana (Musa cavendishii, L) , 1981 .

[4]  Yong Xu,et al.  Effects of chitosan on control of postharvest diseases and physiological responses of tomato fruit , 2007 .

[5]  C. Tong,et al.  Sulfated polysaccharides inhibit browning of apple juice and diced apples , 1991 .

[6]  N. Matan,et al.  Antimicrobial activity of cinnamon and clove oils under modified atmosphere conditions. , 2006, International journal of food microbiology.

[7]  Xianghong Meng,et al.  Physiological responses and quality attributes of table grape fruit to chitosan preharvest spray and postharvest coating during storage , 2008 .

[8]  F. Sheu,et al.  Coating citrus (Murcott tangor) fruit with low molecular weight chitosan increases postharvest quality and shelf life , 2007 .

[9]  J Debevere,et al.  Control of Aeromonas on minimally processed vegetables by decontamination with lactic acid, chlorinated water, or thyme essential oil solution. , 2004, International journal of food microbiology.

[10]  M. Gordon,et al.  Antioxidant activity and mechanism of action of thymol and carvacrol in two lipid systems , 1999 .

[11]  María Soledad Tapia,et al.  Using polysaccharide-based edible coatings to maintain quality of fresh-cut Fuji apples , 2008 .

[12]  Feng Yang,et al.  Effects of edible chitosan coating on quality and shelf life of sliced mango fruit , 2007 .

[13]  Tipparat Hongpattarakere,et al.  Antimicrobial activities of essential oils and crude extracts from tropical Citrus spp. against food-related microorganisms , 2008 .

[14]  E. Baldwin,et al.  Method for the Rapid Headspace Analysis of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Homogenate Volatile Constituents and Factors Affecting Quantitative Results , 1997 .

[15]  S. Hajare,et al.  Radiation Processing of Minimally Processed Carrot (Daucus carota) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to Ensure Safety: Effect on Nutritional and Sensory Quality , 2006 .

[16]  Ana Allende,et al.  Edible coatings containing chitosan and moderate modified atmospheres maintain quality and enhance phytochemicals of carrot sticks. , 2009 .

[17]  P. Katikou,et al.  Effect of rosemary extract, chitosan and α-tocopherol on microbiological parameters and lipid oxidation of fresh pork sausages stored at 4°C. , 2007, Meat science.

[18]  M. Mari,et al.  Non-conventional methods for the control of post-harvest pear diseases. , 2003, Journal of applied microbiology.

[19]  Zafar Iqbal,et al.  Postharvest quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit as affected by chitosan coating , 2009 .

[20]  Richard W. Hartel,et al.  A multilayer freezer for freeze concentration of liquid milk , 1996 .

[21]  Scott W. Leonard,et al.  Edible coatings to improve storability and enhance nutritional value of fresh and frozen strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) and raspberries (Rubus ideaus) , 2004 .

[22]  R. P. Torres,et al.  Antioxidant activity of macambo (Theobroma bicolor L.) extracts , 2002 .

[23]  Arun Sharma,et al.  Chitosan and mint mixture: A new preservative for meat and meat products , 2008 .

[24]  N. Tzortzakis,et al.  Impact of cinnamon oil-enrichment on microbial spoilage of fresh produce. , 2009 .

[25]  L. Ranasinghe,et al.  Use of waste generated from cinnamon bark oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume)extraction as a post harvest treatment for Embul banana , 2003 .

[26]  Yulong Ding,et al.  Antimicrobial activities of ZnO powder-coated PVC film to inactivate food pathogens , 2009 .

[27]  S. Nitisinprasert,et al.  In vitro Antifungal Activity of Thai Herb and Spice Extracts against Food Spoilage Fungi , 2005 .

[28]  Charles L. Wilson,et al.  Chitosan as a potential natural compound to control pre and postharvest diseases of horticultural commodities , 2006 .

[29]  A. Villavicencio,et al.  Effects of irradiation on natural antioxidants of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum N.) , 2004 .

[30]  K. M. Soliman,et al.  Effect of oil extracted from some medicinal plants on different mycotoxigenic fungi. , 2002, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[31]  R. Govinden,et al.  Spice oils for the control of co-occurring mycotoxin-producing fungi. , 2002, Journal of food protection.

[32]  N. Benhamou,et al.  Treatment with chitosan enhances resistance of tomato plants to the crown and root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici , 1992 .

[33]  J. Pinkham,et al.  A model for enhanced pea seedling vigour following low pH and salicylic acid treatments , 2000 .

[34]  Pongphen Jitareerat,et al.  Effects of cinnamon extract, chitosan coating, hot water treatment and their combinations on crown rot disease and quality of banana fruit , 2007 .

[35]  F. Şahin,et al.  Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extract of Nepeta cataria. , 2009, Polish journal of microbiology.

[36]  N. Benhamou,et al.  Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of the effect of chitosan on decay of bell pepper fruit , 1994 .

[37]  P. Quantick,et al.  Effects of chitosan coating on enzymatic browning and decay during postharvest storage of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit , 1997 .

[38]  F. Nigro,et al.  Short hypobaric treatments potentiate the effect of chitosan in reducing storage decay of sweet cherries , 2003 .

[39]  O. Martín‐Belloso,et al.  Comparative evaluation of UV-HPLC methods and reducing agents to determine vitamin C in fruits , 2007 .

[40]  P. Houeto,et al.  Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates and ethylenethiourea: possible human health hazards. , 1995, Environmental health perspectives.

[41]  Shang-Tzen Chang,et al.  Antifungal activities of essential oils and their constituents from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) leaves against wood decay fungi. , 2005, Bioresource technology.

[42]  M. Byun,et al.  Effects of gamma irradiation on the microbiological, nutritional, and sensory properties of fresh vegetable juice , 2007 .

[43]  Yanyun Zhao,et al.  POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF HARDY KIWIFRUIT (ACTINIDIA ARGUTA ANANASNAYA) ASSOCIATED WITH PACKAGING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS , 2008 .

[44]  E. Baldwin,et al.  Effect of two edible coatings with different permeability characteristics on mango (Mangifera indica L.) ripening during storage , 1999 .

[45]  M. Valero,et al.  Effects of antimicrobial components of essential oils on growth of Bacillus cereus INRA L2104 in and the sensory qualities of carrot broth. , 2006, International journal of food microbiology.

[46]  Daniel Valero,et al.  The use of natural antifungal compounds improves the beneficial effect of MAP in sweet cherry storage , 2005 .

[47]  F. Nigro,et al.  Effects of Pre‐ and Postharvest Chitosan Treatments to Control Storage Grey Mold of Table Grapes , 2002 .

[48]  M. Badawy,et al.  Potential of the biopolymer chitosan with different molecular weights to control postharvest gray mold of tomato fruit , 2009 .

[49]  Nawal Kishore Dubey,et al.  Exploitation of natural products as an alternative strategy to control postharvest fungal rotting of fruit and vegetables , 2004 .

[50]  P. Negi,et al.  Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum fruit extracts , 2007 .

[51]  W. S. Otwell,et al.  Inhibition of enzymatic browning in foods and beverages. , 1992, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[52]  B. Liu,et al.  Molecular detection of all 34 distinct O-antigen forms of Shigella. , 2009, Journal of medical microbiology.

[53]  I. Rasooli.  Food Preservation - A Biopreservative Approach , 2007 .

[54]  L. Beuchat,et al.  Effects of Essential Oils from Plants on Growth of Food Spoilage Yeasts , 1984 .

[55]  R. Hamilton,et al.  Antioxidant compound responses to chilling stress in differentially sensitive inbred maize lines , 1996 .

[56]  P. Elmer,et al.  Suppression of Botrytis bunch rot in Chardonnay grapevines by induction of host resistance and fungal antagonism , 2005, Australasian Plant Pathology.

[57]  L. Ranasinghe,et al.  Fungicidal activity of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (L.) and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr et L.M.Perry against crown rot and anthracnose pathogens isolated from banana , 2002, Letters in applied microbiology.

[58]  R. Holley,et al.  Interactive inhibition of meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria by lysozyme, nisin and EDTA in the presence of nitrite and sodium chloride at 24 degrees C. , 2003, International journal of food microbiology.

[59]  Seyed Hadi Razavi,et al.  Effect of chitosan coatings enriched with cinnamon oil on the quality of refrigerated rainbow trout , 2010 .

[60]  A. Deschamps,et al.  Antimicrobial edible packaging based on cellulosic ethers, fatty acids, and nisin incorporation to inhibit Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus. , 2001, Journal of food protection.

[61]  Walter Steurbaut,et al.  Chitosan as antimicrobial agent: applications and mode of action. , 2003, Biomacromolecules.