60 GHz on-chip patch antenna integrated in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology

Millimeter-wave CMOS RF circuits have been received substantial attention, motivated by the advance of CMOS process. In the millimetre-wave band, the connection, such as wire bonding or flip chip bonding, between the RF circuit and off-chip antenna is not easy task because of the radiation loss and/or adding parasitic components. To overcome the problem, on-chip antennas, which do not suffer from the problem of connection, have been studied by many researchers. Accurate and appropriate modelling in simulation is very important to obtain agreement with measurement.