Hydrogen exchange rates and protein folding

Abstract Transient folding intermediates have been monitored in 11 proteins by pulsed hydrogen exchange methods. Standard hydrogen isotope exchange kinetics have also been measured for several molten globules. Taken together with folding kinetics detected by optical techniques, and with hydrogen exchange kinetics in native proteins, the results permit conclusions about time constants, structure and stability of folding intermediates, and about parallel versus serial folding pathways.

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