Cellular responses to photodynamic therapy

The mechanisms of photoinactivation of NHIK 3025 cells in culture sensitized by sulfonated tetraphenyl porphines (TPPSn) are described. Di- and tetrasulfonated species are mainly located in lysosomes. TPPS1 is located diffusely in the extranuclear space, supposedly bound to endoplasmic reticulum as indicated by electron microscopical findings, and to some extent in lysosomes. After PDT TPPSn penetrates the lysosomal membrane. However, after exposure of cells to TPPS4 and light lysosomal enzymes are inactivated before they eventually can be released to the cytosol. In all cases electron microscopical studies show swollen secondary lysosomes after PDT. TPPSn and light induce accumulation of cells in mitosis. This is due to photochemical damage to the unpolymerized form of tubulin.

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