Externalities, Tangible Externalities, and Queue Disciplines

Externalities are the (marginal) costs that a user of a common resource imposes on others. We introduce the efficient measure of tangible externalities that are the costs that a user imposes on others while being served. Then, for a single server queueing system under various service disciplines, we compute the expected externalities and the expected tangible externalities conditioning on the length of the service requirement.