UWB ranging accuracy for applications within IEEE 802.15.3a
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The definition of ultra wide band (UWB) signals released by the Federal Communications Commissions (FCC) opened the way to both impulse and non-impulse UWB signal formats, as reflected within the IEEE 802.15.3a TG, devoted to the definition of a standard for UWB-based high bit rate WPANs. The two main proposals considered in this group are a multi band OFDM approach, based on the transmission of non-impulse OFDM signals combined with frequency hopping (FH), and the direct-sequence (DS) UWB approach, based on impulse radio transmission of UWB DS-coded pulses. In this paper, the ranging capabilities of the two proposals are investigated by determining the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the distance estimation error. The CRLB is evaluated with both ideal and real, multipath-affected, channel models and the impact of multipath on ranging accuracy is quantified. Results show that DS-UWB is, in general, best suited for ranging, thanks to its larger bandwidth and its higher frequencies of operation, although multipath may affect in a different way DS-UWB and MB-OFDM signals.