Wind loads on low buildings: in the wake of Alan Davenport's contributions

The paper reviews the evolution of knowledge and its current state regarding the evaluation of wind loads on low buildings by placing particular emphasis on Alan Davenport's contributions. These contributions have paved the way to the current state-of-the-art and have influenced the thinking of not only Alan's closest collaborators but also of other researchers in this area around the world. The paper will provide a brief historical perspective, followed by some detailed description of the University of Western Ontario's research on wind loads on low buildings carried out in the 1970s. Visualizing the wake of Davenport's contributions in this area, the paper will refer to the influence of this knowledge in the formulation of design load provisions in contemporary wind standards and codes of practice. The paper will also discuss the status of computational wind engineering as well as the so-called computer-aided wind engineering in the evaluation of wind pressures on low buildings.

[1]  Nicolas G. Wright,et al.  Comparison of several computational turbulence models with full-scale measurements of flow around a building , 1999 .

[2]  C. J. Apelt,et al.  Simulation of flow past a cube in a turbulent boundary layer , 1990 .

[3]  Theodore Stathopoulos,et al.  Knowledge-based wind loading for envelope design: beyond building codes , 1994 .

[4]  Ron Sharpe,et al.  Wind loads on buildings expert system - WINDLOADER , 1990 .

[5]  Theodore Stathopoulos,et al.  The numerical wind tunnel for industrial aerodynamics: Real or virtual in the new millennium? , 2002 .

[6]  T. Tanahashi,et al.  High-speed GSMAC-FEM for wind engineering , 1994 .

[7]  D. Lakehal,et al.  Numerical approach for wind loads prediction on buildings and structures , 1995 .

[8]  M. R. Hajj,et al.  Application of wavelet analysis to incident wind in relevance to wind loads on low-rise structures , 1996 .

[9]  Yl L. Xu,et al.  Variations of wind pressure on hip roofs with roof pitch , 1998 .

[10]  Dorothy Reed.  Expert systems in wind engineering , 1990 .

[11]  Shuzo Murakami,et al.  3-D numerical simulation of airflow around a cubic model by means of the k-ϵ model , 1988 .

[12]  A. G. Davenport.  Martin Jensen: An appreciation , 1992 .

[13]  A. Robins,et al.  The flow around a surface-mounted cube in uniform and turbulent streams , 1977, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[14]  Frank Baetke,et al.  Numerical simulation of turbulent flow over surface-mounted obstacles with sharp edges and corners , 1990 .

[15]  T. Stathopoulos,et al.  Wind Pressures on Parapets of Flat Roofs , 2002 .

[16]  Tat Chiu Ho,et al.  Variability Of Low Building Wind Loads , 1992 .

[17]  Theodore Stathopoulos,et al.  Proposed new Canadian wind provisions for the design of gable roofs , 2000 .

[18]  A. J. Minson,et al.  Towards an expert system for estimating wind loads on building attachments using detailed local velocity data , 1996 .

[19]  Theodore Stathopoulos,et al.  Generalization of wind-induced interference effects for two buildings , 2000 .

[20]  A. Hunt,et al.  Wind-tunnel measurements of surface pressures on cubic building models at several scales , 1982 .

[21]  C. X. Zhang,et al.  Numerical predictions of turbulent recirculating flows with a κ-ϵ model , 1994 .

[22]  Theodore Stathopoulos,et al.  Design recommendations for wind loading on buildings of intermediate height , 1989 .

[23]  Masanobu Shinozuka,et al.  Structural safety and reliability : proceedings of ICOSSAR'85, the 4th International Conference on Structural Society [i.e. Safety] and Reliabelity [i.e. Reliability], the International Conference Center Kobe, Kobe, Japan, May 27-29, 1985 , 1985 .

[24]  Theodore Stathopoulos,et al.  Wind loads on low-rise buildings: a review of the state of the art , 1984 .

[25]  Theodore Stathopoulos,et al.  Codification of wind loads on buildings using bluff body aerodynamics and climatological data bases , 1997 .

[26]  Emil Simiu,et al.  The use of aerodynamic databases for the effective estimation of wind effects in main wind-force resisting systems: , 1998 .

[27]  T E Stanton.  REPORT ON THE MEASUREMENT OF THE PRESSURE OF THE WIND ON STRUCTURES. , 1925 .

[28]  Theodore Stathopoulos,et al.  Generation of local wind pressure coefficients for the design of low building roofs , 2001 .

[29]  David Surry,et al.  An experimental approach to the economical measurement of spatially-averaged wind loads , 1978 .

[30]  Alan G. Davenport,et al.  Perspectives on the full-scale measurement of wind effects☆ , 1975 .

[31]  A. Davenport,et al.  The magnitude and distribution of wind-induced pressures on hip and gable roofs , 1991 .