Real, foley or synthetic? An evaluation of everyday walking sounds

The aim of this paper is to evaluate whether foley sounds, real recordings and low quality synthetic sounds can be distinguished when used to sonify a video and if foley sounds can be rated as more expressive than real sounds. The main idea is to find a motivation for having such a solid tradition in using foley sounds for a film track. In particular this work focuses on walking sounds: five different scenes of a walking person were video recorded and each video was then mixed with the three different kind of sounds mentioned above. Subjects were asked to recognise and describe the action performed, to evaluate their confidence, the realism of the action and its expressiveness. Early results shows that foley sounds and real sounds cannot be distinguished by the subjects. A preliminary audio-only test was performed with the sounds used in the audio-video test in order to assess the recognition rate without the visual help.

[1]  David Lewis Yewdall Foley: The Art of Footsteps, Props, and Cloth Movement , 2012 .

[2]  Laurie M. Heller,et al.  When sound effects are better than the real thing , 2002 .

[3]  Cumhur Erkut,et al.  Synthesis of Hand Clapping Sounds , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing.

[4]  Maud Marchal,et al.  "Shoes-Your-Style": Changing Sound of Footsteps to Create New Walking Experiences , 2010 .

[5]  Terri L. Bonebright Were those coconuts or horse hoofs? Visual context effects on identification and veracity of everyday sounds , 2012 .

[6]  M. Marcell,et al.  Confrontation Naming of Environmental Sounds , 2000, Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology.

[7]  Stefania Serafin,et al.  Sound design and perception in walking interactions , 2009, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[8]  Guillaume Lemaitre,et al.  A lexical analysis of environmental sound categories. , 2012, Journal of experimental psychology. Applied.

[9]  Mathieu Lagrange,et al.  Perceptual Evaluation of a Real-time Synthesis Technique for Rolling Sounds , 2007 .

[10]  V. Ament The Foley Grail: The Art of Performing Sound for Film, Games, and Animation , 2009 .

[11]  Catherine Guastavino,et al.  Categorization of environmental sounds. , 2007, Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale.

[12]  Guillaume Lemaitre,et al.  Listener expertise and sound identification influence the categorization of environmental sounds. , 2010, Journal of experimental psychology. Applied.

[14]  J. Ballas Common factors in the identification of an assortment of brief everyday sounds , 1993 .