Effect of a confocal pinhole in two‐photon microscopy

We investigated the effect of a finite‐sized confocal pinhole on the performance of nonlinear optical microscopes based on two‐photon excited fluorescence and second‐harmonic generation. These techniques were implemented using a modified inverted commercial confocal microscope coupled to a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. Both the transverse and axial resolutions are improved when the confocal pinhole is used, albeit at the expense of the signal level. Therefore, the routine use of a confocal pinhole of optimized size is recommended for two‐photon microscopy wherever the fluorescence or harmonic signals are large. Microsc. Res. Tech. 47:210–214, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.