Generalized thermodynamic ensembles for fractal measures

SummaryFractal measures are characterized by means of suitable conservation laws which can be expressed either by introducing pointwise dimensions (local approach) or by evaluating global dynamical invariants like the dimension functionD(q). The two points of view are formally equivalent to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, respectively. Nonlinear dissipative dynamical systems are mapped onto one-dimensional Hamiltonian spin models with the introduction of appropriate statistical ensembles, using symbolic dynamics. The various thermodynamic ensembles are shown to be related to different covering procedures for fractal measures. Nonanalytic behaviour of the dimension functionD(q) is interpreted in terms of phase transitions on the time lattice. This phenomenon, occurring for non-self-similar measures, is due to long-time correlations in the symbolic dynamics and is not restricted to nonhyperbolic systems.RiassuntoLe misure frattali vengono caratterizzate per mezzo di leggi di conservazione che possono essere espresse introducendo dimensioni puntiformi (approccio locale) o valutando invarianti dinamici globali come la funzione dimensioneD(q). I due punti di vista sono formalmente equivalenti a meccanica statistica e termodinamica, rispettivamente. Attraverso la dinamica simbolica, è possibile rappresentare i sistemi dinamici dissipativi nonlineari per mezzo di modelli di spin Hamiltoniani in reticoli unidimensionali, con l'introduzione di insiemi statistici appropriati. Si mostra che i vari insiemi termodinamici sono legati all'adozione di diversi ricoprimenti delle misure frattali. Il comportamento non analitico della funzione dimensioneD(q) viene interpretato in termini di transizioni di fase sul reticolo temporale. Questo fenomeno, che appare nelle misure non «auto-similari», è dovuto a correlazioni a tempi lunghi nella dinamica simbolica e non è ristretto ai sistemi non iperbolici.РезюмеФрактальные меры характеризуются с помощью соответствующих законов сохранения, которые могут быть выражены путем введения точечных размерностей (локальный подход) или путем вычисления глобальных динамических инвариантов, подобных функции размерностиD(q). Эти две точки зрения являются формально эквивалентными соответственно статистической механике и термодинамике. Нелинейные диссипативные динамические системы отображаются в одномерные гамильтоновы спиновые модели с введением соответствующих статистических ансамблей, используя символическую динамику. Показывается, что различные термодинамические ансамбли связаны с различными процедурами для фрактальных мер. Неаналитическое поведение функции размерностиD(q) интерпретируется в терминах фазовых переходов на временной решетке. Это явление, возникающее для несамоподобных мер, обусловлено длинно-временными корреляциями в символической динамике и не ограничено негиперболическими системами.

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