Intermittent “Real‐time” fMRI Feedback Is Superior to Continuous Presentation for a Motor Imagery Task: A Pilot Study

Real‐time functional MRI feedback (RTfMRIf) is a developing technique, with unanswered methodological questions. Given a delay of seconds between neural activity and the measurable hemodynamic response, one issue is the optimal method for presentation of neurofeedback to subjects. The primary objective of this preliminary study was to compare the methods of continuous and intermittent presentation of neural feedback on targeted brain activity.

[1]  Gary H. Glover,et al.  Learned regulation of spatially localized brain activation using real-time fMRI , 2004, NeuroImage.

[2]  Lawrence P. Panych,et al.  Increasing cortical activity in auditory areas through neurofeedback functional magnetic resonance imaging , 2006, Neuroreport.

[3]  R. Deichmann,et al.  Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging: methods and applications. , 2007, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[4]  Frank Schneider,et al.  Real-time fMRI of temporolimbic regions detects amygdala activation during single-trial self-induced sadness , 2003, NeuroImage.

[5]  James T. Voyvodic,et al.  Real-Time fMRI Paradigm Control, Physiology, and Behavior Combined with Near Real-Time Statistical Analysis , 1999, NeuroImage.

[6]  N. Logothetis,et al.  Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal , 2001, Nature.

[7]  T. Dorina Papageorgiou,et al.  Neurofeedback of two motor functions using supervised learning-based real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging , 2009, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[8]  Niels Birbaumer,et al.  Neurofeedback and brain-computer interface clinical applications. , 2009, International review of neurobiology.

[9]  Niels Birbaumer,et al.  Neurofeedback and brain-computer interface clinical applications. , 2009, International review of neurobiology.

[10]  Michael Erb,et al.  Physiological self-regulation of regional brain activity using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): methodology and exemplary data , 2003, NeuroImage.

[11]  Seung-Schik Yoo,et al.  Functional MRI for neurofeedback: feasibility studyon a hand motor task , 2002, Neuroreport.

[12]  Yoshio Tanaka,et al.  Real-time functional MRI: development and emerging applications. , 2006, Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

[13]  Wolfgang Grodd,et al.  Regulation of anterior insular cortex activity using real-time fMRI , 2007, NeuroImage.

[14]  R. DeCharms.  Applications of real-time fMRI , 2008, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[15]  Wolfgang Grodd,et al.  Principles of a brain-computer interface (BCI) based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[16]  N Birbaumer,et al.  Biofeedback-produced hemispheric asymmetry of slow cortical potentials and its behavioural effects. , 1990, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[17]  John D E Gabrieli,et al.  Control over brain activation and pain learned by using real-time functional MRI. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[18]  R. Veit,et al.  Self‐regulation of regional cortical activity using real‐time fMRI: The right inferior frontal gyrus and linguistic processing , 2009, Human brain mapping.