Dietary Fiber Is Independently Related to Blood Triglycerides Among Adults with Overweight and Obesity

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of visceral adiposity-related risk factors, affects approximately 35% of the United States population. Although improvement in diet quality is an important approach to reducing MetS risk, the role of particular dietary components remains unclear, especially among younger adults. Individual dietary components have been implicated in ameliorating or exacerbating MetS risk; however, the extent to which these factors contribute to MetS prevention has received little attention. Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to assess relations between diet and individual MetS components in young to middle-aged adults who are overweight and/or obese. Methods Participants aged 25–45 y (N = 117) with overweight and obesity, but no other diagnosed metabolic disease, recorded dietary intake over 7 d. MetS components (waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides [TGs], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL]) were measured. Visceral adipose tissue was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression was used to assess relations between diet and MetS risk factors, adjusting for age, sex, and visceral adipose tissue. Results MetS prevalence in this sample was 32%. Energy-adjusted total fiber intake (β = −0.21, P = 0.02) was inversely associated with TG concentrations. No significant relations were observed between other dietary factors and MetS components. These findings indicate that among MetS components, TG concentrations are potentially sensitive to fiber consumption. Conclusions These results provide cross-sectional evidence supporting the protective influence of dietary fiber on MetS components among young to middle-aged adults. Additional, well-designed clinical trials are needed to assess the causal relations between various types of dietary fiber and metabolic disease.

[1]  Mark Payne,et al.  Health and Human Services , 2020, Congress and the Nation 2013-2016, Volume XIV: Politics and Policy in the 113th and 114th Congresses.

[2]  Zhaoping Li,et al.  Hass Avocado Inclusion in a Weight-Loss Diet Supported Weight Loss and Altered Gut Microbiota: A 12-Week Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Trial , 2019, Current developments in nutrition.

[3]  L. Liang,et al.  Identifying Metabolomic Profiles of Insulinemic Dietary Patterns , 2019, Metabolites.

[4]  J. DiNicolantonio,et al.  Effects of dietary fats on blood lipids: a review of direct comparison trials , 2018, Open Heart.

[5]  V. Vuksan,et al.  The effect of viscous soluble fiber on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. , 2018, Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.

[6]  D. Midthune,et al.  Comparison of self-reported dietary intakes from the Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall, 4-d food records, and food-frequency questionnaires against recovery biomarkers. , 2018, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[7]  R. An,et al.  Effects of isolated soluble fiber supplementation on body weight, glycemia, and insulinemia in adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. , 2017, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[8]  M. Téran-García,et al.  Clinical Outcomes of Dietary Replacement of Saturated Fatty Acids with Unsaturated Fat Sources in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials , 2017, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism.

[9]  Michael Miller,et al.  Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association , 2017, Circulation.

[10]  H. Holscher Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota , 2017, Gut microbes.

[11]  Rachel K. Johnson,et al.  Recommended Dietary Pattern to Achieve Adherence to the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) Guidelines: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association , 2016, Circulation.

[12]  A. Astrup,et al.  Impact of dietary fiber and fat on gut microbiota re-modeling and metabolic health , 2016 .

[13]  James M. Rippe,et al.  Relationship between Added Sugars Consumption and Chronic Disease Risk Factors: Current Understanding , 2016, Nutrients.

[14]  J. Rippe,et al.  Added sugars and risk factors for obesity, diabetes and heart disease , 2016, International Journal of Obesity.

[15]  L. Kuller,et al.  Associations of insulin resistance, inflammation and liver synthetic function with very low-density lipoprotein: The Cardiovascular Health Study. , 2016, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[16]  Laurence S Freedman,et al.  Addressing Current Criticism Regarding the Value of Self-Report Dietary Data. , 2015, The Journal of nutrition.

[17]  M. Stewart,et al.  Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Health Implications of Dietary Fiber. , 2015, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

[18]  R. Lamuela-Raventós,et al.  Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Are Positively Associated with Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome in Middle‐Aged and Elderly Adults , 2015, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[19]  J. Rippe,et al.  Fructose-containing sugars and cardiovascular disease. , 2015, Advances in nutrition.

[20]  L. Hooper,et al.  Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. , 2015, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[21]  J. Raes,et al.  Towards microbial fermentation metabolites as markers for health benefits of prebiotics , 2015, Nutrition Research Reviews.

[22]  R. Wong,et al.  Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States, 2003-2012. , 2015, JAMA.

[23]  D. Greenwood,et al.  Effects of dietary fibre type on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of healthy individuals , 2015, Journal of hypertension.

[24]  B. Lamarche,et al.  Dietary fatty acids, dietary patterns, and lipoprotein metabolism , 2015, Current opinion in lipidology.

[25]  A. Tenenbaum,et al.  Hypertriglyceridemia: a too long unfairly neglected major cardiovascular risk factor , 2014, Cardiovascular Diabetology.

[26]  D. Jacobs,et al.  A modified Mediterranean diet score is associated with a lower risk of incident metabolic syndrome over 25 years among young adults: the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. , 2014, The British journal of nutrition.

[27]  S B Heymsfield,et al.  Energy balance measurement: when something is not better than nothing , 2014, International Journal of Obesity.

[28]  A. Whitehead,et al.  Cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials1234 , 2014, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[29]  Alan D. Lopez,et al.  Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 , 2014, The Lancet.

[30]  T. Wadden,et al.  Reprint: 2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. , 2014, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA.

[31]  Janusz Wnek,et al.  2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. , 2014, Circulation.

[32]  F. Hu,et al.  Added sugar intake and cardiovascular diseases mortality among US adults. , 2014, JAMA internal medicine.

[33]  G. Bray,et al.  Dietary Sugar and Body Weight: Have We Reached a Crisis in the Epidemic of Obesity and Diabetes? , 2014, Diabetes Care.

[34]  S. Sasaki,et al.  Impact of dietary fiber intake on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and chronic kidney disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry , 2013, Nutrition Journal.

[35]  Lindsay K. Eller,et al.  Changes in Visceral Adiposity and Serum Cholesterol with a Novel Viscous Polysaccharide in Japanese Adults with Abdominal Obesity , 2013, Obesity.

[36]  L. Tucker,et al.  Dietary fibre consumption and insulin resistance – the role of body fat and physical activity , 2012, British Journal of Nutrition.

[37]  F. Azizi,et al.  Which food patterns are predictors of obesity in Tehranian adults? , 2012, Journal of nutrition education and behavior.

[38]  R. Allman,et al.  Dietary patterns and diet quality among diverse older adults: The university of Alabama at Birmingham study of aging , 2012, The journal of nutrition, health & aging.

[39]  Moshe Levi,et al.  Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. , 2011, Circulation.

[40]  C. Fox,et al.  Impact of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue on cardiometabolic risk factors: the Jackson Heart Study. , 2010, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[41]  Jaimie N. Davis,et al.  Inverse relation between dietary fiber intake and visceral adiposity in overweight Latino youth. , 2009, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[42]  G. Derosa,et al.  Psyllium improves dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension, while guar gum reduces body weight more rapidly in patients affected by metabolic syndrome following an AHA Step 2 diet , 2009 .

[43]  Pat Baird,et al.  Health benefits of dietary fiber. , 2009, Nutrition reviews.

[44]  A. Mokdad,et al.  Hypertriglyceridemia and its pharmacologic treatment among US adults. , 2009, Archives of internal medicine.

[45]  W. Baker,et al.  Effect of glucomannan on plasma lipid and glucose concentrations, body weight, and blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2008, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[46]  Udo Hoffmann,et al.  Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Compartments: Association With Metabolic Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study , 2007, Circulation.

[47]  H. Buchwald Chapter 5 – Obesity Comorbidities , 2007 .

[48]  J. Després,et al.  Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome , 2006, Nature.

[49]  Fernando Costa,et al.  Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. , 2005, Circulation.

[50]  Paul Zimmet,et al.  The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition , 2005, The Lancet.

[51]  B. Wajchenberg Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. , 2000, Endocrine reviews.

[52]  Mark A Pereira,et al.  Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. , 1999, JAMA.