Has green energy arrived? Delay analysis for energy harvesting communication systems

Energy harvesting communication systems provide a “green” solution by obtaining energy from ambient sources, such as sunlight or vibrations. This energy is stored for transmission of data packets which arrive at the link layer of an energy harvesting transmitter. Since the data and energy arrival processes are independent and random, the data packets wait in a queue for the accumulation of sufficient amount of energy and for service completion of previously arrived packets. Thus, the energy arrival process and the data service process jointly impact the data queue dynamics. This makes the queueing analysis of an energy harvesting communication system challenging. In this paper, we formulate a two stage virtual queueing system which decouples the wait stages for the energy arrival process and the service process. This virtual queueing system leads to closed-form expressions for the average packet delay and the probability of data packet loss due to buffer overflow. We assume that the data and energy arrivals are independent Poisson processes and the service time for data packets may have any general distribution. The expressions for the average packet delay and the probability of buffer overflow are shown to be exact when the service time becomes negligible, and the packet delay gets dominated by data packets waiting for arrival of sufficient energy. These expressions are compared with Monte Carlo simulations and are shown to be robust even when the service time is increased up to sixty percent of the average packet delay.

[1]  Jing Yang,et al.  Optimal Broadcast Scheduling for an Energy Harvesting Rechargeable Transmitter with a Finite Capacity Battery , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[2]  Stephen H. Lewis,et al.  An energy-aware multiple-input power supply with charge recovery for energy harvesting applications , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers.

[3]  Nicholas Bambos,et al.  The synchronization of Poisson processes and queueing networks with service and synchronization nodes , 2000, Advances in Applied Probability.

[4]  Xuemin Shen,et al.  Delay Performance Analysis for Supporting Real-Time Traffic in a Cognitive Radio Sensor Network , 2011, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[5]  Eytan Modiano,et al.  A calculus approach to minimum energy transmission policies with quality of service guarantees , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[6]  B. Sikdar,et al.  Modeling and analysis of energy harvesting nodes in wireless sensor networks , 2008, 2008 46th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing.

[7]  Alireza Seyedi,et al.  Analysis and Design of Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks with Linear Topology , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[8]  Josep Miquel Jornet,et al.  A joint energy harvesting and consumption model for self-powered nano-devices in nanonetworks , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[9]  J. Nicholas Laneman,et al.  Minimum delay communication in energy harvesting systems over fading channels , 2011, 2011 45th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems.

[10]  Stefano Basagni,et al.  Modeling the residual energy and lifetime of energy harvesting sensor nodes , 2012, 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[11]  Michael Manitz,et al.  Queueing-model based analysis of assembly lines with finite buffers and general service times , 2008, Comput. Oper. Res..

[12]  Dimitri P. Bertsekas,et al.  Data Networks , 1986 .

[13]  Biplab Sikdar,et al.  An Analytical Approach to the Design of Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Nodes , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[14]  Dusit Niyato,et al.  Sleep and Wakeup Strategies in Solar-Powered Wireless Sensor/Mesh Networks: Performance Analysis and Optimization , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[15]  Mani B. Srivastava,et al.  Performance aware tasking for environmentally powered sensor networks , 2004, SIGMETRICS '04/Performance '04.

[16]  Roy D. Yates,et al.  A generic model for optimizing single-hop transmission policy of replenishable sensors , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[17]  Yong Ma,et al.  System lifetime optimization for heterogeneous sensor networks with a hub-spoke technology , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[18]  Patrick Mitran,et al.  On optimal online policies in energy harvesting systems for compound poisson energy arrivals , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Proceedings.

[19]  G. Guo,et al.  Experimental investigation of classical and quantum correlations under decoherence. , 2009, Nature communications.

[20]  Anthony Ephremides,et al.  Optimal packet scheduling for energy harvesting sources on time varying wireless channels , 2012, Journal of Communications and Networks.

[21]  E. H. Lipper,et al.  Assembly-like queues with finite capacity: Bounds, asymptotics and approximations , 1986, Queueing Syst. Theory Appl..

[22]  Vinod Sharma,et al.  Optimal Sleep-Wake Policies for an Energy Harvesting Sensor Node , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[23]  J. M. Jornet,et al.  Joint Energy Harvesting and Communication Analysis for Perpetual Wireless Nanosensor Networks in the Terahertz Band , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology.

[24]  Dimitri P. Bertsekas,et al.  Data networks (2nd ed.) , 1992 .

[25]  Ness B. Shroff,et al.  Resource Allocation in Sensor Networks with Renewable Energy , 2010, 2010 Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks.

[26]  Jing Yang,et al.  Transmission with Energy Harvesting Nodes in Fading Wireless Channels: Optimal Policies , 2011, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[27]  Mehul Motani,et al.  On the impact of channel coding on average packet delay in a multiuser environment , 2013, 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[28]  J. Harrison.  Assembly-like queues , 1973, Journal of Applied Probability.

[29]  Igor A. Khovanov,et al.  The role of excitations statistic and nonlinearity in energy harvesting from random impulsive excitations , 2011 .

[30]  Jing Yang,et al.  Optimal Packet Scheduling in an Energy Harvesting Communication System , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[31]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Piezoelectric-nanowire-enabled power source for driving wireless microelectronics. , 2010, Nature communications.

[32]  Deniz Gündüz,et al.  Energy harvesting communication system with battery constraint and leakage , 2011, 2011 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps).

[33]  Ephrahim Garcia,et al.  Passive multi-source energy harvesting schemes , 2012 .

[34]  Vinod Sharma,et al.  Queuing theoretic and information theoretic capacity of energy harvesting sensor nodes , 2011, 2011 Conference Record of the Forty Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (ASILOMAR).

[35]  Chor Ping Low,et al.  Throughput optimal energy neutral management for energy harvesting wireless sensor networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).