A review of the literature on gender and age differences in the prevalence and characteristics of constipation in North America.

[1]  M. M. Seth D. Crockett,et al.  Colorectal Cancer Prevention , 2011, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[2]  Anish Sheth ROME III: The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders , 2007 .

[3]  W. Whitehead,et al.  Costs of health care for irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, functional diarrhoea and functional abdominal pain , 2007, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[4]  J. Johanson,et al.  Chronic constipation: a survey of the patient perspective , 2007, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[5]  G. Locke,et al.  Gender, age, society, culture, and the patient's perspective in the functional gastrointestinal disorders. , 2006, Gastroenterology.

[6]  L. Harris Prevalence and ramifications of chronic constipation. , 2005, Managed care interface.

[7]  J. Kempf,et al.  Dyssynergic Defecation: Demographics, Symptoms, Stool Patterns, and Quality of Life , 2004, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[8]  E. Corazziari Definition and epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders. , 2004, Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology.

[9]  P. Higgins,et al.  Epidemiology of Constipation in North America: A Systematic Review , 2004, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[10]  Michael Camilleri,et al.  Chronic constipation. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[11]  E. Kuipers,et al.  Influence of Gender, Parity, and Caloric Load on Gastrorectal Response in Healthy Subjects: A Barostat Study , 2003, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[12]  E. Irvine,et al.  An epidemiological survey of constipation in Canada: definitions, rates, demographics, and predictors of health care seeking , 2001, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[13]  M. Newell,et al.  Scintigraphic assessment of colonic transit in women with slow‐transit constipation arising de novo and following pelvic surgery or childbirth , 2001, The British journal of surgery.

[14]  D. Kiely,et al.  Development of constipation in nursing home residents , 2000, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[15]  J. Doucet,et al.  Does treatment of constipation improve faecal incontinence in institutionalized elderly patients? , 2000, Age and ageing.

[16]  R. Lipton,et al.  Epidemiology of constipation (EPOC) study in the United States: relation of clinical subtypes to sociodemographic features , 1999, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[17]  A. Kolk,et al.  Sex differences in physical symptoms: the contribution of symptom perception theory. , 1997, Social science & medicine.

[18]  M. Camilleri,et al.  Motility and tone of the left colon in constipation: a role in clinical practice? , 1996, The American journal of gastroenterology.

[19]  J. Avorn,et al.  Bowel habit in relation to age and gender. Findings from the National Health Interview Survey and clinical implications. , 1996, Archives of internal medicine.

[20]  J. Avorn,et al.  Constipation: Assessment and Management in an Institutionalized Elderly Population , 1994, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[21]  Nicholas J. Talley,et al.  U. S. Householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders , 1993, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[22]  L. Melton,et al.  Functional constipation and outlet delay: a population-based study. , 1993, Gastroenterology.

[23]  A R Zinsmeister,et al.  Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the elderly: a population-based study. , 1992, Gastroenterology.

[24]  A R Zinsmeister,et al.  Epidemiology of colonic symptoms and the irritable bowel syndrome. , 1991, Gastroenterology.

[25]  O. Kinnunen Study of constipation in a geriatric hospital, day hospital, dold people’s home and at home , 1991, Aging.

[26]  R. Sandler,et al.  Demographic and dietary determinants of constipation in the US population. , 1990, American journal of public health.

[27]  A. Sonnenberg,et al.  Clinical epidemiology of chronic constipation. , 1989, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[28]  R. Johannes,et al.  A longitudinal survey of self-reported bowel habits in the United States , 1989, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[29]  W. Whitehead,et al.  Constipation in the Elderly Living at Home , 1989, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[30]  A. Sonnenberg,et al.  Physician visits in the United States for constipation: 1958 to 1986 , 1989, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[31]  N. Read,et al.  Why do patients with faecal impaction have faecal incontinence. , 1986, Gut.

[32]  N. Creason,et al.  Fecal impaction: a review. , 2000, Nursing diagnosis : ND : the official journal of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association.

[33]  W. Brown,et al.  Leaking urine: Prevalence and associated factors in Australian women , 1999, Neurourology and urodynamics.

[34]  L. Melton,et al.  Constipation in an elderly community: a study of prevalence and potential risk factors. , 1996, The American journal of gastroenterology.

[35]  N. Read,et al.  Constipation and incontinence in the elderly. , 1995, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[36]  A. Sonnenberg,et al.  Epidemiology of constipation in the United States , 1989, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[37]  E. C. Hammond,et al.  SOME PRELIMINARY FINDINGS ON PHYSICAL COMPLAINTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 1,064,004 MEN AND WOMEN. , 1964, American journal of public health and the nation's health.