Giant haemangioma of the liver: is enucleation better than resection?

INTRODUCTION Haemangioma is the most common liver tumour. Treatment is indicated for symptomatic tumours, rapid increase in size, rupture or doubt in diagnosis. There is continuing debate regarding the ideal method of surgical treatment for liver haemangiomas, with some surgeons favouring enucleation over liver resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of prospectively compiled database of patients who were surgically treated for liver haemangioma. RESULTS Between 1987 and 2003, we operated on 21 patients with liver haemangioma. Pre-operative diagnosis on imaging was made in 16 patients (13 symptomatic, 3 had progressive increase in size). In five patients, the indication of surgery was uncertain diagnosis. Enucleation was performed in 9 patients and liver resection in 12. The size of the haemangioma was similar in the enucleation and resection groups (8.9 cm versus 10 cm; P = 0.85). The mean intra-operatiive blood loss was significantly less in the enucleation group (400 ml versus 1330 ml; P = 0.004). The mean operative time was significantly less in the enucleation group as compared to the resection group (170 min versus 230 min; P = 0.035). Five patients had major postoperative morbidity in the resection group as compared to none in the enucleation group (P = 0.045). The duration of hospital stay was significantly longer in the resection group.(9.9 days versus 5.6 days; P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Enucleation of liver haemangiomas is safer, quicker and associated with less morbidity than liver resection. Except for some situations, such as uncertain diagnosis or total replacement of a lobe, we recommend enucleation as the surgical procedures of choice for the treatment of hepatic haemangiomas.