Manufacturing of high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete using blended coarse lightweight aggregates

Abstract Structural lightweight concrete plays an important role in the construction industry, especially for the high-rise buildings. It can only be produced using lightweight aggregates. Oil-palm-boiler clinker (OPBC) is a solid waste from the oil palm industry and could be used as lightweight aggregate in concrete mixture. However, the density of this lightweight aggregate is more than the density of the other types of natural and artificial lightweight aggregate. Therefore, the density of concrete was made of this lightweight aggregate is relatively high and is in the range of semi-lightweight concrete. In the current study, OPBC was partially substituted with a lighter lightweight aggregate namely oil palm shell (OPS) in a OPBC semi-lightweight concrete with high strength to further reduce the density of the concrete. To this end, OPBC was replaced by OPS with 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% by volume. Test results show that contribution of OPS in OPBC concrete reduces the density, while all the mechanical properties were also reduced. This occurs due to smooth surface texture of OPC and its lower density compared to OPBC. It was, however, found that OPBC semi-lightweight concrete containing more than 20% OPS turns to be structural lightweight concrete with high strength. Based on the mechanical properties and water absorption test results it is recommended that the optimum substitution of OPBC with OPS stays between 20 to 40%.

[1]  Phillipp Bergmann,et al.  Design And Control Of Concrete Mixtures , 2016 .

[2]  B. Sengupta,et al.  Influence of Silica Fume on the Tensile Strength of Concrete , 2005 .

[3]  Sebastian Ehrlichmann,et al.  Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures , 2016 .

[4]  Prakash Desayi,et al.  EQUATION FOR THE STRESS-STRAIN CURVE OF CONCRETE , 1964 .

[5]  Mohd Zamin Jumaat,et al.  Oil palm shell lightweight concrete as a ductile material , 2012 .

[6]  Mohd Zamin Jumaat,et al.  Lightweight concrete made from crushed oil palm shell: tensile strength and effect of initial curing on compressive strength. , 2012 .

[7]  Comité euro-international du béton,et al.  Lightweight aggregate concrete : CEB/FIP manual of design and technology , 1977 .

[8]  Theodore W. Bremner,et al.  State-of-the-art report on high-strength, high-durability structural low-density concrete for applications in severe marine environments , 2000 .

[9]  Mohd Zamin Jumaat,et al.  Drying shrinkage behaviour of structural lightweight aggregate concrete containing blended oil palm bio-products , 2016 .

[10]  M. Mannan,et al.  Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Beams Made with Oil Palm Shell (OPS) , 2006 .

[11]  Hilmi Mahmud,et al.  Effect of steel fiber on the mechanicaql properties ofoil palm shell lightweight concrete , 2011 .

[12]  Anaclet Turatsinze,et al.  On the modulus of elasticity and strain capacity of Self-Compacting Concrete incorporating rubber aggregates , 2008 .

[13]  Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain,et al.  Effect of curing conditions on the properties of OPS-concrete , 2002 .

[14]  Mohd Zamin Jumaat,et al.  Oil palm shell as a lightweight aggregate for production high strength lightweight concrete , 2011 .

[15]  H. Mahmud,et al.  Effect of Substitution of Normal Weight Coarse Aggregate with Oil-Palm-Boiler Clinker on Properties of Concrete , 2017 .

[16]  V. Malhotra,et al.  Development of high strength lightweight concrete for structural applications , 1988 .

[17]  Surendra P. Shah,et al.  STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH - STRENGTH CONCRETE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE , 1985 .

[18]  U. J. Alengaram,et al.  Compressive behaviour of lightweight oil palm shell concrete incorporating slag , 2015 .

[19]  A. H. Nilson,et al.  Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Lightweight Concrete , 1986 .

[20]  Sandor Popovics,et al.  A REVIEW OF STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS FOR CONCRETE , 1970 .

[21]  Calvin L. Dodl,et al.  Guide for Structural Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete ACI 213 R-03 Reported by ACI Committee 213 , 2003 .

[22]  Y. Zhuge,et al.  A mathematical model for complete stress-strain curve prediction of permeable concrete , 2013 .

[23]  M. Lachemi,et al.  Benefits of using blended waste coarse lightweight aggregates in structural lightweight aggregate concrete , 2016 .

[24]  U. J. Alengaram,et al.  Enhancement and prediction of modulus of elasticity of palm kernel shell concrete , 2011 .

[25]  C. Ganapathy,et al.  Lightweight concrete made from oil palm shell (OPS): Structural bond and durability properties , 2007 .

[26]  Eric Mayer,et al.  Properties Of Concrete , 2016 .

[27]  Mohd Zamin Jumaat,et al.  Engineering properties of lightweight aggregate concrete containing limestone powder and high volume fly ash , 2016 .

[28]  Mohd Zamin Jumaat,et al.  Oil-palm by-products as lightweight aggregate in concrete mixture: a review , 2016 .

[29]  M. N. Haque,et al.  Some Concretes Need 7 Days Initial Curing , 1990 .

[30]  D. C. Okpala,et al.  Palm kernel shell as a lightweight aggregate in concrete , 1990 .

[31]  James L Noland,et al.  Computer-Aided Structural Engineering (CASE) Project: Decision Logic Table Formulation of ACI (American Concrete Institute) 318-77 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete for Automated Constraint Processing. Volume 1. , 1986 .

[32]  Chen Zong. Lee.  Properties of lightweight concrete , 2009 .

[33]  H. Mahmud,et al.  The role of 0–2 mm fine recycled concrete aggregate on the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of recycled concrete aggregate concrete , 2014 .

[34]  C. Ganapathy,et al.  Engineering properties of concrete with oil palm shell as coarse aggregate , 2002 .

[35]  C. Ganapathy,et al.  Concrete from an agricultural waste-oil palm shell (OPS) , 2004 .

[36]  A. Leung,et al.  Influence of steel fibres on strength and ductility of normal and lightweight high strength concrete , 2002 .

[37]  K. Hossain,et al.  Shear strength of palm oil clinker concrete beams , 2013 .

[38]  Khandaker M. A. Hossain,et al.  PROPERTIES OF VOLCANIC PUMICE BASED CEMENT AND LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE , 2004 .

[39]  T. Y. Lo,et al.  The effects of aggregate properties on lightweight concrete , 2007 .

[40]  Ramazan Demirboga,et al.  The influence of lightweight aggregate on the physico-mechanical properties of concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles , 2010 .

[41]  A A Tasnimi,et al.  Mathematical model for complete stress–strain curve prediction of normal, light-weight and high-strength concretes , 2004 .

[42]  Surendra P. Shah,et al.  PREDICTIONS OF ULTIMATE BEHAVIOR OF CONFINED COLUMNS SUBJECTED TO LARGE DEFORMATIONS. , 1985 .

[43]  Kuang-Han Chu,et al.  STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP FOR PLAIN CONCRETE IN COMPRESSION , 1985 .

[44]  Z. Ahmad,et al.  Drying Shrinkage Characteristics of Concrete Reinforced With Oil Palm Trunk Fiber , 2010 .

[45]  O. Kayali,et al.  Strength and durability of lightweight concrete , 2004 .

[46]  Tarek H. Almusallam,et al.  Stress–strain relationship of normal, high-strength and lightweight concrete , 1995 .

[47]  Comite Euro-International du Beton,et al.  CEB-FIP Model Code 1990 , 1993 .

[48]  K. Gunasekaran,et al.  Mechanical and bond properties of coconut shell concrete , 2011 .

[49]  Ahmed A. Abouhussien,et al.  Properties of semi-lightweight self-consolidating concrete containing lightweight slag aggregate , 2015 .

[50]  Michelle L Wilson,et al.  Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures: The guide to applications, methods, and materials , 2011 .

[51]  M. Jumaat,et al.  Effect of Replacement of Normal Weight Coarse Aggregate with Oil Palm Shell on Properties of Concrete , 2012 .

[52]  George C. Hoff,et al.  Guide for the Use of Low-Density Concrete in Civil Works Projects , 2002 .

[54]  Mohd Zamin Jumaat,et al.  A new method of producing high strength oil palm shell lightweight concrete , 2011 .

[55]  Tayfun Uygunoğlu,et al.  Effect of aggregate type on properties of hardened self-consolidating lightweight concrete (SCLC) , 2010 .

[56]  Mohd Zamin Jumaat,et al.  Ductility Behaviour of Reinforced Palm Kernel Shell Concrete Beams , 2008 .

[57]  Bashar S. Mohammed,et al.  Flexural strength of palm oil clinker concrete beams , 2014 .

[58]  B De Nicolo,et al.  Strain of concrete at peak compressive stress for a wide range of compressive strengths , 1994 .

[59]  M. A. Mannan,et al.  MIX DESIGN FOR OIL-PALM-BOILER CLINKER (OPBC) CONCRETE , 2010 .

[60]  T. Holm,et al.  High Performance Lightweight Concrete--a Review , 1995, "SP-154: Advances in Concrete Technology - Proceeding Second CANMET/ ACI International Symposium - Las Vegas, Nevada, USA".

[61]  N. Noor,et al.  Mechanical Properties Of Palm Oil Clinker Concrete , 2007 .

[62]  Turan Özturan,et al.  Strength and elastic properties of structural lightweight concretes , 2011 .

[63]  Mohamed Lachemi,et al.  Lightweight concrete incorporating pumice based blended cement and aggregate: Mechanical and durability characteristics , 2011 .

[64]  F. Özcan,et al.  High-strength lightweight concrete made with scoria aggregate containing mineral admixtures , 2003 .

[65]  Mehmet Gesoǧlu,et al.  Shrinkage cracking of lightweight concrete made with cold-bonded fly ash aggregates , 2004 .

[66]  K. O. Olusola,et al.  A comparative study of concrete properties using coconut shell and palm kernel shell as coarse aggregates , 2006 .

[67]  Oğuz Akın Düzgün,et al.  Effect of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of natural lightweight aggregate concrete , 2005 .

[68]  F. Soleymani.  Pore structure and flexural strength of ZrO 2 nanopowders palm oil clinker aggregate-based binary blended concrete , 2012 .