Concrete creep modelling for structural applications: non-linearity, multi-axiality, hydration, temperature and drying effects

Concrete creep models have to consider several important phenomena (non-linearity, multi-axiality, hydration, and thermal and drying effects) to be relevant in structural applications. A selection of experimental results of creep tests found in the scientific literature are used to highlight these phenomena. Firstly, regarding the creep rate in different directions of a specimen under various loads, it is shown that creep rate under moderate loading can derive from elastic strains. Secondly, the reason why a Drucker Prager criterion can be chosen to model non-linear creep is discussed. Thirdly the interest of resorting to a creep theory able to decouple ageing (or hydration) effects and consolidation effects is explained. Moreover, interest using a poro-mechanical formulation, in which Biot coefficient depends on stress state, to model drying creep and shrinkage is discussed in the light of short meso-scopic analysis. The effect of temperature on creep is also addressed. The numerical implementation of the proposed modelling is briefly exposed and the model responses are confronted with experimental results.

[1]  Etienne Grimal,et al.  Creep, Shrinkage, and Anisotropic Damage in Alkali-Aggregate Reaction Swelling Mechanism-Part II: Identification of Model Parameters and Application , 2008 .

[2]  Frédéric Skoczylas,et al.  About Microcracking Due to Leaching in Cementitious Composites: X-ray Microtomography Description and Numerical Approach , 2010 .

[3]  Alain Millard,et al.  A Modern Approach of Large Computer Codes for Structural Analysis , 1989 .

[4]  S. Multon,et al.  Tensile, compressive and flexural basic creep of concrete at different stress levels , 2013 .

[5]  Alain Sellier,et al.  Chemo-Mechanical Modeling Requirements for the Assessment of Concrete Structure Service Life , 2011 .

[6]  Christopher A. Jones,et al.  Short-term creep of cement paste during nanoindentation , 2011 .

[7]  Claudio Mazzotti,et al.  Nonlinear Creep Damage Model for Concrete under Uniaxial Compression , 2003 .

[8]  Qing Ji,et al.  Water Isotherms, Shrinkage and Creep of Cement Paste: Hypotheses, Models and Experiments , 2013 .

[9]  Z. Bažant,et al.  Experimental study of creep of hardened Portland cement paste at variable water content , 1976 .

[10]  D. C. Drucker,et al.  Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design , 1952 .

[11]  Miss A.O. Penney.  (b) , 1974, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[12]  Folker H. Wittmann,et al.  Influence of age of loading, water-cement ratio and rate of loading on fracture energy of concrete , 1987 .

[13]  N. S. Ottosen.  Theoretical Framework for Modelling the Behaviour of Frictional Materials , 1986 .

[14]  Michael Ortiz,et al.  A constitutive theory for the inelastic behavior of concrete , 1985 .

[15]  Farid Benboudjema,et al.  Mechanical threshold of cementitious materials at early age , 2005 .

[16]  Farid Benboudjema,et al.  Interaction between drying, shrinkage, creep and cracking phenomena in concrete , 2005 .

[17]  Luc Taerwe,et al.  Degree of hydration-based description of mechanical properties of early age concrete , 1996 .

[18]  Jian-Fu Shao,et al.  Modelling of elastoplastic damage in concrete due to desiccation shrinkage , 2002 .

[19]  Frederic Roll.  Long-Time Creep-Recovery of Highly Stressed Concrete Cylinders , 1964 .

[20]  A. Sellier,et al.  Analysis of interactions between damage and basic creep of HPC and HPFRC heated between 20 and 80 °C , 2013 .

[21]  Alain Sellier,et al.  Application of thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical model for early age behaviour of concrete to experimental massive reinforced structures with strain–restraining system , 2014 .

[22]  M. Matallah,et al.  Inelasticity–damage-based model for numerical modeling of concrete cracking , 2009 .

[23]  S. Gu,et al.  Multiscale poro‐creep model for cement‐based materials , 2012 .

[24]  Zdenek P. Bazant,et al.  I: Formulation , 2022 .

[25]  Farid Benboudjema,et al.  Numerical analysis of the thermal active restrained shrinkage ring test to study the early age behavior of massive concrete structures , 2011 .

[26]  Günther Meschke,et al.  Thermo-hygro-mechanical degradation of concrete: From coupled 3D material modelling to durability-oriented multifield structural analyses , 2004 .

[27]  Roland J.-M. Pellenq,et al.  Mechanics and Physics of Creep, Shrinkage, and Durability of Concrete: A Tribute to Zdenek P. Bazant , 2013 .

[28]  Jin-Keun Kim,et al.  Experimental studies on creep of sealed concrete under multiaxial stresses , 2005 .

[29]  Olivier Coussy,et al.  Mechanics of porous continua , 1995 .

[30]  Etienne Grimal,et al.  Creep, Shrinkage, and Anisotropic Damage in Alkali-Aggregate Reaction Swelling Mechanism-Part I: A Constitutive Model , 2008 .

[31]  Folker H. Wittmann,et al.  Role of disjoining pressure in cement based materials , 2005 .

[32]  Alain Sellier,et al.  Vers une modélisation simple et unifiée du fluage propre, du retrait et du fluage en dessiccation du béton , 2009 .

[33]  Alain Sellier,et al.  Hydration of slag-blended cements , 2012 .

[34]  Alain Sellier,et al.  Finite element modelling of hardening concrete: application to the prediction of early age cracking for massive reinforced structures , 2011 .

[35]  Miguel Cervera,et al.  Simulation of Construction of RCC Dams. II: Stress and Damage , 2000 .

[36]  Laurie Lacarrière,et al.  Prévision et évaluation de la fissuration précoce des ouvrages en béton , 2007 .

[37]  A. Sellier,et al.  Effect of a temperature change from 20 to 50°C on the basic creep of HPC and HPFRC , 2011 .

[38]  Farid Benboudjema,et al.  Modeling basic creep in concrete at early-age under compressive and tensile loading , 2014 .

[39]  F. Ulm,et al.  Creep Properties of Cementitious Materials from Indentation Testing: Significance, Influence of Relative Humidity, and Analogy Between C-S-H and Soils , 2013 .

[40]  D. R. Nielsen,et al.  On describing and predicting the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils , 1985 .

[41]  A. Sellier,et al.  Effect of Temperature on the Basic Creep of High-Performance Concretes Heated between 20 and 80°C , 2015 .

[42]  Amin Ghali,et al.  CREEP POISSON'S RATIO OF CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL COMPRESSION , 1969 .

[43]  H. Morimoto,et al.  Development of Comprehensive Platform for the Estimation of Volume Change and Damage in Cementitious Material , 2013 .

[44]  L. Granger.  Comportement différé du béton dans les enceintes de centrales nucléaires , 1996 .

[45]  Etienne Grimal,et al.  Combination of Structural Monitoring and Laboratory Tests for Assessment of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction Swelling: Application to Gate Structure Dam , 2009 .

[46]  Olivier Coussy,et al.  Characterization and identification of equilibrium and transfer moisture properties for ordinary and high-performance cementitious materials , 1999 .

[47]  Jean-Louis Tailhan,et al.  Basic creep behavior of concretes investigation of the physical mechanisms by using acoustic emission , 2012 .