Measurement of Vehicle Related Non-exhaust Particle Emissions Under Real Driving Conditions

ABSTRACT: The measurement of non-exhaust particle emissions is a complex challenge due to the open system configuration of the vehicle brakes as well as tires. Consequently, particles are diluted immediately by the ambient air. This makes reproducible measurement a complex task. Furthermore, measurement conditions on the road are strongly influenced by continuously changing parameters. The motivation of the present paper is to describe a methodology for the measurement of non-exhaust particle sources. Therefore a experimental setup based on a transporter van is presented including sampling devices for brake dust as well as tire related emissions. A novel CFD-model is introduced accounting for the flow conditions around the vehicle wheelhouse and its effects on particle dilution. The model is applied to develop a constant volume sampling system (CVS) for tire related particle emissions. For test drives under RDE-conditions the influence of vehicle dynamic properties on particle emissions was analyzed. Based on a real driving emissions (RDE) compliant Ilmenau cycle, emission factors of brake dust emissions were determined showing a clear correlation with the driving behavior. Additionally, a fist insight into the emission process of the tire-road interface was revealed by investigating different driving scenarios on a closed testing facility.