Recent developments in the application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography.

The literature on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) is reviewed, with emphasis on application-oriented studies published in the period 2004-2006. The various strategies that can be used in such studies, the state-of-the-art analytical performance and the high potential of GC x GC combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection are highlighted.

[1]  P. Leonards,et al.  High-resolution separation of polychlorinated biphenyls by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2002, Journal of chromatography. A.

[2]  C. Cordero,et al.  Identification, quantitation and method validation for the analysis of suspected allergens in fragrances by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry and with flame ionization detection. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[3]  C. Cordero,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in the analysis of volatile samples of natural origin: a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate the influence of second dimension column coated with mixed stationary phases on system orthogonality. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[4]  J. Blomberg,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with fast sulphur-chemiluminescence detection: implications of detector electronics. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[5]  L. Ramos,et al.  Chiral comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron-capture detection applied to the analysis of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls in food samples. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[6]  Xin Lu,et al.  Characterization of cigarette smoke condensates by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC/TOFMS). Part 2: basic fraction. , 2004, Journal of separation science.

[7]  P. Marriott,et al.  Gas chromatographic technologies for the analysis of essential oils. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[8]  M. Careri,et al.  Comparison of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the qualitative characterisation of roasted barley by solid-phase microextraction. , 2007, Journal of separation science.

[9]  U. Brinkman,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography--a powerful and versatile technique. , 2005, The Analyst.

[10]  A. Lewis,et al.  The Essential Oil of Pistacia vera L. at Various Temperatures of Direct Thermal Desorption Using Comprehensive Gas Chromatography Coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry , 2004 .

[11]  P. Marriott,et al.  Analysis of methoxypyrazines in wine using headspace solid phase microextraction with isotope dilution and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2005, Journal of separation science.

[12]  P. Marriott,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil using rapid scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry , 2003 .

[13]  M. D. Luque de Castro,et al.  Dynamic ultrasound-assisted extraction of environmental pollutants from marine sediments for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[16]  R. Nelson,et al.  Innovative methods for determining alkenone unsaturation indices , 2003 .

[17]  Philip J Marriott,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with fast enantioseparation. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[18]  E. De Pauw,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with isotope dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the measurement of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in foodstuffs. Comparison with other methods. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[19]  L. Mondello,et al.  Comprehensive multidimensional GC for the characterization of roasted coffee beans. , 2004, Journal of separation science.

[20]  Tadeusz Górecki,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in stop-flow mode. , 2004, Journal of separation science.

[21]  Xin Lu,et al.  Identification of unknown compounds on the basis of retention index data in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2007, Journal of separation science.

[22]  Jo Dewulf,et al.  Developments in the analysis of volatile halogenated compounds , 2006 .

[23]  T. Górecki,et al.  Effect of first-dimension column film thickness on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic separation. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[24]  U. Brinkman,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection applied to the determination of pesticides in food extracts. , 2002, Journal of chromatography. A.

[25]  D. Thiébaut,et al.  Comparison of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with sulfur-chemiluminescence detector to standard methods for speciation of sulfur-containing compounds in middle distillates. , 2006, Journal of chromatographic science.

[26]  P. Marriott,et al.  Application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography to the quantification of overlapping faecal sterols. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[27]  P. Leonards,et al.  Quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the electron-capture negative ion mode as detector for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[28]  U. Brinkman,et al.  Recent developments in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) II. Modulation and detection , 2006 .

[29]  Stephen E Reichenbach,et al.  Comparative visualization for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[30]  U. Brinkman,et al.  Recent developments in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC X GC) - IV. Further applications, conclusions and perspectives , 2006 .

[31]  A. Lewis,et al.  Analysis of the volatile components of cheddar cheese by direct thermal desorption-GC x GC-TOF/MS. , 2006, Journal of separation science.

[32]  P. Marriott,et al.  Application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) to the enantioselective analysis of essential oils , 2001 .

[33]  B. W. Wright,et al.  Fisher ratio method applied to third-order separation data to identify significant chemical components of metabolite extracts. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[34]  V. Ferreira,et al.  Identification of three novel compounds in wine by means of a laboratory-constructed multidimensional gas chromatographic system. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[35]  L. Mondello,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in combination with rapid scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry in perfume analysis. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[36]  Age K Smilde,et al.  Quantitative analysis of target components by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[37]  A. Lewis,et al.  Comparison of direct thermal desorption with water distillation and superheated water extraction for the analysis of volatile components of Rosa damascena Mill. using GCxGC-TOF/MS , 2006 .

[38]  Stephen E Reichenbach,et al.  Computer language for identifying chemicals with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[39]  Xiujun Wen,et al.  GCxGC/TOF MS technique-A new tool in identification of insect pheromones: Analysis of the persimmon bark borer sex pheromone gland. , 2006, Talanta.

[40]  L. Mondello,et al.  Comprehensive chromatographic methods for the analysis of lipids , 2007 .

[41]  Xin Lu,et al.  Characterization of complex hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke condensate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[42]  Werner Welthagen,et al.  Statistical methods for comparing comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry results: metabolomic analysis of mouse tissue extracts. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[43]  R. Zimmermann,et al.  One-dimensional and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to soft photo ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: a two- and three-dimensional separation approach. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[44]  U. Brinkman,et al.  Fast miniaturised sample preparation for the screening and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in sludge. , 2005, Journal of separation science.

[45]  Xin Lu,et al.  Analysis of cigarette smoke condensates by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry I acidic fraction. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[46]  U. Brinkman,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography: a powerful and versatile analytical tool. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[47]  M. Riekkola,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in the analysis of urban aerosols. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[48]  P. Korytar,et al.  Evaluation of modulators and electron-capture detectors for comprehensive two-dimensional GC of halogenated organic compounds. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[49]  H. J. Heeres,et al.  Identification of components in fast pyrolysis oil and upgraded products by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and flame ionisation detection. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[50]  P. Marriott,et al.  Amino acid analysis by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography , 2005, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[51]  R. Synovec,et al.  Evaluation of the DotMap algorithm for locating analytes of interest based on mass spectral similarity in data collected using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[52]  Joe M. Davis Assessment by monte carlo simulation of thermodynamic correlation of retention times in dual-column temperature programmed comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2004, Journal of separation science.

[53]  L. Mondello,et al.  Generation of improved gas linear velocities in a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography system. , 2007, Analytical Chemistry.

[54]  Oliver Trapp Evaluation and Prediction of Stereoisomerizations in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Chromatography , 2004, J. Chem. Inf. Model..

[55]  Projection of multidimensional GC data into alternative dimensions—exploiting sample dimensionality and structured retention patterns , 2006, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[56]  A. Tas,et al.  Novel system for classifying chromatographic applications, exemplified by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and multivariate analysis. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[57]  H. Komura Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic analysis of commercial lemon-flavored beverages. , 2006, Journal of separation science.

[58]  P. Leonards,et al.  Attempt to unravel the composition of toxaphene by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with selective detection. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[59]  J. Bayona,et al.  Characterization of lipids in complex samples using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[60]  J. Giddings Sample dimensionality: a predictor of order-disorder in component peak distribution in multidimensional separation. , 1995, Journal of chromatography. A.

[61]  M. Lidstrom,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection: analysis of amino acid and organic acid trimethylsilyl derivatives, with application to the analysis of metabolites in rye grass samples. , 2005, Talanta.

[62]  L. Mondello,et al.  Rapid, micro-scale preparation and very fast gas chromatographic separation of cod liver oil fatty acid methyl esters. , 2006, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[63]  T. Cajka,et al.  Evaluation of two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the determination of multiple pesticide residues in fruit. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[64]  T. Hyötyläinen,et al.  Quantitative aspects in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[65]  Stephen E. Reichenbach,et al.  Tracking the Weathering of an Oil Spill with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography , 2006 .

[66]  J. Lelieveld,et al.  GC × GC measurements of C 7 − C 11 aromatic and n-alkane hydrocarbons on Crete , in air from Eastern Europe during the MINOS campaign , 2003 .

[67]  J. Schnelle-Kreis,et al.  Application of direct thermal desorption gas chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry for analysis of organic compounds in ambient aerosol particles. , 2005, Journal of separation science.

[68]  J. Boer,et al.  Simple nomenclature for chlorinated bornenes, bornenes and bornadienes from which structural information can be directly deduced , 1997 .

[69]  P. Marriott,et al.  Fast GCxGC with short primary columns. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[70]  Stephen E Reichenbach,et al.  Peak pattern variations related to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography acquisition. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[71]  A. Lewis,et al.  Determination of Teucrium chamaedrys volatiles by using direct thermal desorption-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[72]  I. Colón,et al.  Standardized test mixture for the characterization of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography columns: the Phillips mix. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[75]  P. Marriott,et al.  Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and GC×GC‐quadrupole MS analysis of Asian and American ginseng , 2003 .

[76]  Richard B. Gaines,et al.  Separation and identification of petroleum biomarkers by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography , 2001 .

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[78]  P. Leonards,et al.  Separation of seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[79]  L. Mondello,et al.  Detailed analysis and group-type separation of natural fats and oils using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[80]  A. Fushimi,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry and simultaneous nitrogen phosphorous and mass spectrometric detection for characterization of nanoparticles in roadside atmosphere. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[81]  Jean-François Focant,et al.  Measurement of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides in human serum and milk using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography isotope dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[82]  Jitka Zrostlíková,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry of monoterpenoids as a powerful tool for grape origin traceability. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[84]  J. Seeley,et al.  Flow-switching device for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[85]  R. Zimmermann,et al.  Automated compound classification for ambient aerosol sample separations using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[86]  M. Olsson,et al.  Determination of atropisomeric and planar polychlorinated biphenyls, their enantiomeric fractions and tissue distribution in grey seals using comprehensive 2D gas chromatography. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[87]  U. Brinkman,et al.  Improved determination of flavour compounds in butter by solid-phase (micro)extraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[88]  R. Sacks,et al.  Development of a multibed sorption trap, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, and time-of-flight mass spectrometry system for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in human breath. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

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[93]  Werner Welthagen,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF) for high resolution metabolomics: biomarker discovery on spleen tissue extracts of obese NZO compared to lean C57BL/6 mice , 2005, Metabolomics.

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[104]  Xin Lu,et al.  Determination of sulfur-containing compounds in diesel oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with a sulfur chemiluminescence detector. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[105]  B. Raghuraman,et al.  Identification and quantification of alkene-based drilling fluids in crude oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[106]  P. Marriott,et al.  Targeted multidimensional gas chromatography for the quantitative analysis of suspected allergens in fragrance products. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[108]  D. Patterson,et al.  Measurement of PCDDs, PCDFs, and non-ortho-PCBs by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-isotope dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-IDTOFMS). , 2004, Talanta.

[109]  Laurent Duval,et al.  Characterisation of middle-distillates by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC): A powerful alternative for performing various standard analysis of middle-distillates. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[111]  Jamin C. Hoggard,et al.  A principal component analysis based method to discover chemical differences in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) separations of metabolites in plant samples. , 2006, Talanta.

[112]  Jean-Marie D. Dimandja,et al.  A new tool for the optimized analysis of complex volatile mixtures: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/lime-of-flight mass spectrometry , 2003 .

[113]  Xin Lu,et al.  Analysis of sulfur-containing compounds in crude oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection. , 2004, Journal of separation science.

[114]  D. Schlosser,et al.  Separation of technical 4-nonylphenols and their biodegradation products by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[115]  A. Batenburg,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography of complex samples by using a 'reversed-type' column combination: application to food analysis. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[116]  T. Górecki,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) in environmental analysis and monitoring , 2006, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[117]  P. Korytar,et al.  Trace analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and WHO polychlorinated biphenyls in food using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[118]  P. Schoenmakers,et al.  Comprehensive multi-dimensional chromatographic studies on the separation of saturated hydrocarbon ring structures in petrochemical samples. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[119]  J. Luong,et al.  Universal and discriminative detection using a miniaturized pulsed discharge detector in comprehensive two-dimensional GC. , 2006, Journal of separation science.

[120]  U. Brinkman,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with atomic emission detection and correlation with mass spectrometric detection: principles and application in petrochemical analysis. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[121]  M. Hennion,et al.  Comparison of conventional gas chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the detailed analysis of petrochemical samples. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[122]  A. Gelbin,et al.  Retention-time database of 126 polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners and two bromkal technical mixtures on seven capillary gas chromatographic columns. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[123]  L. Mondello,et al.  Odour fingerprint acquisition by means of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-olfactometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[124]  E. De Pauw,et al.  Recent advances in mass spectrometric measurement of dioxins. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[126]  P. Marriott,et al.  Identification of character-impact odorants in coriander and wild coriander leaves using gas chromatography-olfactometry (GCO) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-TOFMS). , 2005, Journal of separation science.

[127]  Kevin J. Johnson,et al.  GC×GC temperature programming requirements to produce bilinear data for chemometric analysis , 2002 .

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[130]  Stephen E Reichenbach,et al.  Image background removal in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[132]  Eric Jover,et al.  Twin comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic system: concept and applications. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[133]  Xin Lu,et al.  Study of traditional Chinese medicine volatile oils from different geographical origins by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) in combination with multivariate analysis. , 2007, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[134]  P. Marriott,et al.  Development of a resolution metric for comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[136]  Philip Marriott,et al.  Orthogonality considerations in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[137]  K. Solomon,et al.  Characterization and pattern recognition of oil-sand naphthenic acids using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[139]  G. Vanermen,et al.  Application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the assessment of oil contaminated soils. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[140]  Xin Lu,et al.  Quantitative determination of compounds in tobacco essential oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[148]  L. Ramos,et al.  Determination of toxaphene enantiomers by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[149]  E. Hoh,et al.  Optimization of separation and detection conditions for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography--time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[154]  D. Patterson,et al.  Qualitative evaluation of thermal desorption-programmable temperature vaporization-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of selected halogenated contaminants. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[160]  T. Górecki,et al.  Flow model for coupled-column gas chromatography systems. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[161]  W. Robbins,et al.  Speciation of sulfur-containing compounds in diesel by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2003, Journal of chromatographic science.

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[164]  Xin Lu,et al.  Application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the analysis of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicines. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[166]  Xin Lu,et al.  Deconvolution of overlapped peaks based on the exponentially modified Gaussian model in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[169]  P. Marriott,et al.  Studies on thermionic ionisation detection in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2006, Journal of separation science.

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