XPCS at the European X-ray free electron laser facility

Abstract The European X-ray free electron laser source (XFEL) will provide highly brilliant ( B  > 10 33  ph/s/mm 2 /mrad 2 /0.1% bw) and coherent X-ray beams. The pulse structure and the unprecedented brightness will allow one for the first time to study fast dynamics in the time domain, thus giving direct access to the dynamic response function S ( Q ,  t ), instead of S ( Q ,  ω ), which is of central importance for a variety of phenomena such as fast non-equilibrium dynamics initiated, e.g. by a short pump pulse. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measures the temporal changes in speckle patterns produced when coherent light is scattered by a disordered system and therefore allows to measure S ( Q ,  t ). This paper summarizes important aspects of the scientific case for an XPCS instrument at the planned XFEL. Novel XPCS set-ups are illustrated.

[1]  A. Sokolov,et al.  Origin of the boson peak in a network glass B 2 O 3 , 1999 .

[2]  W. Gotze,et al.  Relaxation processes in supercooled liquids , 1992 .

[3]  I. Dolbnya,et al.  Surface and bulk elasticity determined fluctuation regimes in smectic membranes. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[4]  Sutton,et al.  Volume of B2O3 at the glass transition. , 1994, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[5]  A. Dianoux,et al.  Dynamics of disordered materials II , 1989 .

[6]  S K Sinha,et al.  Surface dynamics of polymer films. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[7]  Hassan,et al.  Structural changes of B2O3 through the liquid-glass transition range: A Raman-scattering study. , 1992, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[8]  S. Eisebitt,et al.  Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography , 2004, Nature.

[9]  Muller,et al.  Complex dynamic behavior of fluctuating smectic- A films as studied by scattering with coherent X-rays , 2000, Physical review letters.

[10]  J. Toner,et al.  Coherent Soft-X-Ray Dynamic Light Scattering from Smectic-A Films , 1999 .

[11]  Sirota,et al.  X-ray and neutron scattering from rough surfaces. , 1988, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[12]  G. Grübel,et al.  Viscosity of a liquid crystal near the nematic-smectic A phase transition. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[13]  Fleming,et al.  X-Ray photon correlation spectroscopy study of Brownian motion of gold colloids in glycerol. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[14]  Brauer,et al.  X-ray intensity fluctuation spectroscopy observations of critical dynamics in Fe3Al. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[15]  W. Vos,et al.  Effective screening of hydrodynamic interactions in charged colloidal suspensions. , 2000, Physical review letters.

[16]  G. Grübel,et al.  Microstructure and dynamics near an attractive colloidal glass transition. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[17]  G. Ruocco,et al.  High Frequency Dynamics of Glass Forming Liquids at the Glass Transition , 1998 .

[18]  F. Yakhou,et al.  Magnetic domain fluctuations observed by coherent X-ray scattering , 2001 .

[19]  I. Dolbnya,et al.  Smectic membranes in motion: approaching the fast limits of x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[20]  V. Chamard,et al.  Observation of heterodyne mixing in surface x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[21]  L. Börjesson,et al.  DYNAMICS AROUND THE LIQUID-GLASS TRANSITION IN POLY(PROPYLENE-GLYCOL) INVESTIGATED BY WIDE-FREQUENCY-RANGE LIGHT-SCATTERING TECHNIQUES , 1997 .

[22]  Gerhard Grübel,et al.  Dynamics of Block Copolymer Micelles Revealed by X-Ray Intensity Fluctuation Spectroscopy , 1997 .

[23]  S. Mochrie,et al.  Equilibrium dynamics in the nondiffusive regime of an entangled polymer blend. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[24]  Frick,et al.  Is the Fast Process at the Glass Transition Mainly due to Long Wavelength Excitations? , 1996, Physical review letters.

[25]  C. Gutt,et al.  Capillary waves at the transition from propagating to overdamped behavior. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[26]  H. Sinn.  Spectroscopy with meV energy resolution , 2001 .

[27]  J. Daillant,et al.  Height and density correlations at liquid surfaces; application to X-ray scattering , 2002 .

[28]  Lechner,et al.  Experimental evidence for fast heterogeneous collective structural relaxation in a supercooled liquid near the glass transition , 2000, Physical review letters.

[29]  Melvin J. Lerner.  The First Experiment , 1980 .

[30]  Meier,et al.  Photon Correlation Spectroscopy of Colloidal Palladium Using a Coherent X-Ray Beam. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[31]  Laurence Lurio,et al.  COHERENT X-RAY STUDY OF FLUCTUATIONS DURING DOMAIN COARSENING , 1998 .

[32]  M A Borthwick,et al.  Absence of scaling for the intermediate scattering function of a hard-sphere suspension: static and dynamic x-ray scattering from concentrated polystyrene latex spheres. , 2000, Physical review letters.