Neurophysiological correlates of human concept formation.

Human event-related potentials were evaluated during the trial-and-error learning of a sorting criterion for complex visual stimuli. Prior to the discovery of the correct criterion a sustained positivity was observed in frontal-mastoid recordings during the visual stimuli. A parieto-occipital negativity preceded auditory feedback. Two late positive waves following feedback—P3 (355 msec) and P4 (647 msec)—were both of greater amplitude in the trials before the subject finally confirmed the correct criterion. Their scalp distributions were, however, distinctly different, the P4 wave being of relatively greater amplitude in the parieto-occipital regions. A general negative baseline shift occurred with a change in criterion.

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