Control of gene expression of adrenal steroid hydroxylases and related enzymes.

Utilization of cDNA probes specific for various components of the bovine adrenocortical steroidogenic pathway have led to the conclusion that there are three levels of regulation of steroid hydroxylase gene expression. In each case it is postulated that specific classes of proteins bind to regulatory regions of these genes and modulate their transcription. Throughout adult life, cAMP-dependent regulation via SHIP protein(s) is the predominant mechanism by which optimal steroidogenic capacity is maintained. A second type of regulation is tissue-specific. One subclass of tissue-specific expression is the "all-or-none" type whereby steroid 21-hydroxylase and 11 beta-hydroxylase gene expression occur only in adrenal cortex and not in other steroidogenic tissues. A second subclass of tissue-specific expression is the "variable" type whereby 17 alpha-hydroxylase and cholesterol side chain cleavage (SCC) activity are both expressed in ovarian thecal cells but only SCC activity is expressed in corpus luteum. The third type of regulation is cAMP-independent and leads to fetal-imprinting (initial expression of steroid hydroxylase genes during fetal life).

[1]  J. Canick,et al.  LIFETIME OF ADRENAL CYTOCHROME P‐450 AS INFLUENCED BY ACTH * , 1973, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[2]  D. Fisher,et al.  Endocrine function in an anencephalic infant. , 1974, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[3]  E. Simpson.  Cholesterol side-chain cleavage, cytochrome P450, and the control of steroidogenesis , 1979, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

[4]  M. Waterman,et al.  Bovine steroid 21-hydroxylase: regulation of biosynthesis. , 1986, Biochemistry.

[5]  M. Waterman,et al.  Bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450(17 alpha). Regulation of gene expression by ACTH and elucidation of primary sequence. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[6]  M. Waterman,et al.  Cytochromes P-450scc, P-450(17)alpha, adrenodoxin, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome P-450 reductase in bovine follicles and corpora lutea. Changes in specific contents during the ovarian cycle. , 1986, Endocrinology.

[7]  M. Waterman,et al.  Induction of 11 beta-hydroxylase by corticotropin in primary cultures of bovine adrenocortical cells. , 1983, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[8]  M. Waterman,et al.  Transcriptional regulation of steroid hydroxylase genes by corticotropin. , 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  M. Waterman,et al.  Regulation of Synthesis and Activity of Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes in Physiological Pathways , 1986 .

[10]  M. Waterman,et al.  Effect of adrenocorticotropin on steroid 21-hydroxylase synthesis and activity in cultured bovine adrenocortical cells. Increased synthesis in the absence of increased activity. , 1983, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[11]  M. Waterman,et al.  Effects of adrenocorticotropin on 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450(17 alpha) synthesis in bovine adrenocortical cells. , 1985, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[12]  M. Waterman,et al.  Evidence for a higher molecular weight precursor of cholesterol side-chain-cleavage cytochrome P-450 and induction of mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins by corticotropin in adult bovine adrenal cells. , 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  J. Ireland,et al.  Accuracy of predicting stages of bovine estrous cycle by gross appearance of the corpus luteum. , 1980, Journal of dairy science.

[14]  M. Waterman,et al.  Cell-free synthesis of precursor forms of mitochondrial steroid hydroxylase enzymes of the bovine adrenal cortex. , 1982, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[15]  M. Waterman,et al.  Adrenodoxin biosynthesis by bovine adrenal cells in monolayer culture. Induction by adrenocorticotropin. , 1982, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[16]  M. Waterman,et al.  Identification and characterization of cDNA clones specific for cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450. , 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[17]  M. Waterman,et al.  Regulation of synthesis and activity of bovine adrenocortical NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase by ACTH. , 1985, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[18]  W. Rutter,et al.  Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. , 1979, Biochemistry.

[19]  M. Waterman,et al.  Regulation of cytochrome P-45011 beta gene expression by adrenocorticotropin. , 1985, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[20]  M. Waterman,et al.  Induction of synthesis of cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 by adrenocorticotropin in cultured bovine adrenocortical cells. , 1981, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[21]  E. Simpson,et al.  Lipoprotein utilization and cholesterol synthesis by the human fetal adrenal gland. , 1981, Endocrine reviews.

[22]  T. Kimura.  Effects of hypophysectomy and ACTH administration on the level of adrenal cholesterol side-chain desmolase. , 1969, Endocrinology.