Convex endobronchial ultrasound: same coin, two faces. Challenging biopsy and staging for non-small-cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is still diagnosed at a late stage due to lack of early disease symptoms. Despite the development of new diagnostic endoscopic tools, such as radial/convex endobronchial ultrasounds (EBUS) and electromagnetic navigation, most patients are still diagnosed at advanced stage disease. Most of the patients refer to their doctor only if they cough blood or their cough changes character. There are challenging cases in the diagnosis and staging of a patient, such as the one that we will present. We present a case of lung cancer that was diagnosed through a biopsy from the main lesion, with access from the esophagus, through transbronchial needle aspiration with EBUS, under general anesthesia and intubation. Staging with transbronchial needle aspiration with EBUS was also performed at the same session.