Characteristics associated with HIV infection among heterosexuals in urban areas with high AIDS prevalence --- 24 cities, United States, 2006-2007.

In the United States, approximately one in three new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are transmitted via heterosexual contact. To monitor HIV risk behaviors and HIV prevalence among heterosexuals and other populations, CDC surveys persons in selected metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), using the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS). This report summarizes data collected from heterosexuals in 24 MSAs with a high prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that participated in NHBS during 2006-2007. Of 14,837 heterosexuals aged 18-50 years who were interviewed and tested, 2.0% were HIV infected. HIV prevalence was higher among those with lower socioeconomic status (SES). For example, HIV prevalence was 2.8% among participants with less than a high school education compared with 1.2% among those with more than a high school education, 2.6% among participants who were unemployed compared with 1.0% among those who were employed, and 2.3% among participants with annual household incomes at or below the poverty level compared with 1.0% among those with incomes above the poverty level. This association between HIV prevalence and SES could not be attributed to factors commonly associated with HIV infection risk in heterosexuals, such as using crack cocaine, exchanging sex for things such as money or drugs, or being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Based on the association observed between HIV prevalence and SES, HIV prevention activities targeted at heterosexuals in urban areas with high AIDS prevalence should be focused on those with lower SES.

Houston | Atlanta | Dc Washington | B. Rimer | T. Frieden | J. W. Stephens | S. Thacker | Donald G. Meadows | Ma | Jude C. Rutledge | Martha F Boyd | Malbea A Lapete | Stephen R. Spriggs | T. Starr | Q. M. Doan | Phyllis H King | W. Roper | D. Fleming | W. Halperin | K. Holmes | D. Holtzman | Atlanta Ga | J. Iglehart | Dennis G Bethesda | M. Maki | P. Quinlisk | D. Moines | P. Remington | J. Rullán | S. Juan | W. Schaffner | A. Schuchat | D. Snider | J. Ward | P. Denning | W. Mcfarland | E. Mokotoff | L. Metsch | San Francisco | H. Jaffe | Julia C Martinroe | R. Wiegand | J. Risser | N. Benbow | F. Lauderdale | Texas. | R. Burt | H. Rehman | F. Sifakis | E. Dinenno | M. Magnus | Texas Dallas | Georgia. | L. Vegas | Nevada. | B. Petersen | T. Bingham | W. Seattle | I. Kuo | Jim Dyer | H. Thiede | C. Flynn | P. Padgett | N. Prachand | Douglas B Richardson | Missouri. | Miami | S. Louis | S. Melville | D. Klinkenberg | M. León | P. Rico | W. Ma | Referent | Rico | Luke Shouse | Laura Leticia Gutiérrez Salazar | M. Baltimore | D. Isenberg | Maura A. Driscoll | Elizabeth J. H. Hurwitz | M. Boston | Carol Cieselski | I. Chicago | Richard A. Yeager | N. Chaudhuri | Alicia Novoa | M. Thrun | Bethany Dillon | Colorado Denver | R. Mccoy | Vivian Griffin | Michigan Detroit | M. Wolverton | Bob Salcido | Jay Dicotignano | Sabrina Hagan-Finks | M. Lalota | Dano W. Beck | Stefanie White | David Forrest | Vanessa Miguelino | Al Velasco | Rosana Scolari | S. Diego | H. Raymond | S. S. Francisco | C. Sandra | Yadira Rolón-Colón | Maria T Courogen | Nadine Snyder | C. WashingtonD | Yelena Friedberg | Labraunna Friend | Tiffany West-Ojo | M. Magnus | D. J. Washington | A. Sprecher | S. Juan | Deborah Isenberg | Douglas B. Richardson | Sánchez Diego | Maria Courogen | California | Laura Salazar | Julia C. Martinroe | Terraye M Starr | Phyllis H. King | St. Louis | Puerto Rico | M. Baltimore | Richard Yeager | Miranda De León | Washington

[1]  A. Lansky,et al.  Piloting a System for Behavioral Surveillance Among Heterosexuals at Increased Risk of HIV in the United States , 2012, The open AIDS journal.

[2]  M. Pate,et al.  Outbreak of Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Nigeria: Emergence and Widespread Circulation in an Underimmunized Population , 2011, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[3]  Progress toward interrupting wild poliovirus circulation in countries with reestablished transmission--Africa, 2009-2010. , 2011, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[4]  Update on vaccine-derived polioviruses--worldwide, July 2009-March 2011. , 2011, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[5]  Tracking progress toward global polio eradication--worldwide, 2009-2010. , 2011, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[6]  Maria Cristina Schneider,et al.  Rabies transmitted by vampire bats to humans: an emerging zoonotic disease in Latin America? , 2009, Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health.

[7]  J. Blanton,et al.  Travel vaccination for rabies , 2008, Expert review of vaccines.

[8]  M. Meltzer,et al.  Human rabies prevention--United States, 2008: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. , 2008, MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports.

[9]  Progress toward interruption of wild poliovirus transmission--worldwide, January 2007-April 2008. , 2008, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[10]  D. Fleming Subpopulation estimates from the HIV incidence surveillance system--United States, 2006. , 2008, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[11]  H. Field,et al.  Bats: Important Reservoir Hosts of Emerging Viruses , 2006, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[12]  Adaora A Adimora,et al.  Social context, sexual networks, and racial disparities in rates of sexually transmitted infections. , 2005, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[13]  D. Celentano,et al.  The social epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. , 2004, Epidemiologic reviews.

[14]  E. Silver,et al.  Neighborhood structural characteristics and mental disorder: Faris and Dunham revisited. , 2002, Social science & medicine.

[15]  T. Derouen,et al.  A Covariance Estimator for GEE with Improved Small‐Sample Properties , 2001, Biometrics.

[16]  K. Blankenship,et al.  Structural interventions in public health , 2000, AIDS.

[17]  E. Sumartojo Structural factors in HIV prevention: concepts, examples, and implications for research , 2000, AIDS.

[18]  Cherie Drenzek,et al.  Epidemiology of Human Rabies in the United States, 1980 to 1996 , 1998, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[19]  D. Fishbein,et al.  Outbreak of human rabies in the Peruvian jungle , 1992, The Lancet.