Frequency restoration using Dynamic Demand Control under Smart Grid Environment

Smart grid enables active participation by consumers in Demand Response. In order to match the power demand and power supply, Dynamic Demand Control (DDC) with AGC in Smart Grid Environment is used. A load frequency control using DDC, was modeled for a two area system in this study. The frequency deviation and tie line flow deviation was compared with the deviations obtained when generation control, using PI controller, alone was implemented for frequency control. The PI controller parameters in the new scheme are then optimized using Lyapunov technique. Thus DDC alone is required to maintain the system frequency, during small load variations. DDC will play a major role in the economic operation of GENCOs under a Smart Grid environment.

[1]  Marija D Ilić,et al.  Dynamic Monitoring and Decision Systems for Enabling Sustainable Energy Services , 2011, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[2]  L. K. Kirchmayer,et al.  Economic control of interconnected systems , 1959 .

[3]  J.W. Black,et al.  Demand-based frequency control for distributed generation , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,.

[4]  C. Concordia,et al.  Efect of Speed-Governor Dead Band on Tie-Line Power and Frequency Control Performance , 1957, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems.

[5]  Yu Zhang,et al.  Centralized and decentralized control for demand response , 2011, ISGT 2011.

[6]  Jianhui Wang,et al.  Smart Transmission Grid: Vision and Framework , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[7]  Fred Schweppe,et al.  Homeostatic Utility Control , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[8]  Walid G. Morsi,et al.  Smart grid: Challenges, research directions and possible solutions , 2010, The 2nd International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems.

[9]  Daniel Trudnowski,et al.  Frequency and stability control using decentralized intelligent loads: Benefits and pitfalls , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[10]  D. Trudnowski,et al.  Power-System Frequency and Stability Control using Decentralized Intelligent Loads , 2006, 2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition.

[11]  Gadhiraju Venkatarathnam.  The coefficient of performance of an ideal air conditioner , 2009 .

[12]  Dragoslav D. Šiljak,et al.  Nonlinear systems;: The parameter analysis and design , 1968 .

[13]  Charles E. Fosha,et al.  The Megawatt-Frequency Control Problem: A New Approach Via Optimal Control Theory , 1970 .

[14]  S. C. Tripathy,et al.  Optimisation of load-frequency control parameters for power systems with reheat steam turbines and governor deadband nonlinearity , 1982 .

[15]  François Bouffard,et al.  Decentralized Demand-Side Contribution to Primary Frequency Control , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.