Biological diversity in metastatic neoplasms: origins and implications.

Whether neoplasms are unicellular or multicellular in their origin, the process of tumor evolution and progression can rapidly generate biological diversity. Metastases result from the survival and proliferation of specialized subpopulations of cells within the parent tumor. Metastases may have a clonal origin and different metastases may develop from different progenitor cells. However, as with the primary tumor, the origin of metastases is unimportant since the process of tumor evolution and progression can generate biological diversity within and among different metastatic foci.

[1]  R. W. Baldwin,et al.  Multiple antigenic specificities within primary 3‐methylcholanthrene‐induced rat sarcomas and metastases , 1980, International journal of cancer.

[2]  D. Dexter,et al.  Clinical and pharmacological implications of cancer cell differentiation and heterogeneity. , 1979, Biochemical pharmacology.

[3]  J. Dennis,et al.  Characterization of a deficiency in fucose metabolism in lectin-resistant variants of a murine tumor showing altered tumorigenic and metastatic capacities in vivo. , 1981, Cancer research.

[4]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Malignancies of metastatic murine lymphosarcoma cell lines and clones correlate with decreased cell surface display of RNA tumor virus envelope glycoprotein gp70. , 1980, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  I. Fidler,et al.  In vivo isolation of a metastatic tumor cell variant involving selective and nonadaptive processes. , 1981, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[6]  I. Fidler,et al.  Biological and experimental consequences of the zonal composition of solid tumors. , 1981, Cancer research.

[7]  L. Liotta,et al.  Formation of metastasis by human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) in nude mice. , 1980, Cancer letters.

[8]  V. Ling,et al.  Tumor heterogeneity and stability of the metastatic phenotype of mouse KHT sarcoma cells. , 1981, Cancer research.

[9]  J E Talmadge,et al.  Evidence for the clonal origin of spontaneous metastases. , 1982, Science.

[10]  D. Ettinger,et al.  Variable content of histaminase, L-dopa decarboxylase and calcitonin in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Biologic and clinical implications. , 1978, The New England journal of medicine.

[11]  A. Houghton,et al.  Heterogeneity in surface antigen and glycoprotein expression of cell lines derived from different melanoma metastases of the same patient. Implications for the study of tumor antigens , 1981, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[12]  L. Weiss,et al.  Organ vascularity and metastatic frequency. , 1980, The American journal of pathology.

[13]  I. Fidler,et al.  The origin of metastatic heterogeneity in tumors. , 1981, European journal of cancer.

[14]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Development and biologic properties of malignant cell sublines and clones of a spontaneously metastasizing rat mammary adenocarcinoma. , 1982, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[15]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Selection and in vivo properties of lectin-attachment variants of malignant murine lymphosarcoma cell lines. , 1980, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[16]  N. Suzuki,et al.  Martin rodbell obituary , 1999, Environmental health perspectives.

[17]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Tumor metastasis is not due to adaptation of cells to a new organ environment. , 1982, Science.

[18]  L. Foulds The histologic analysis of mammary tumors of mice. , 1956, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[19]  Leonard Weiss Cancer cell traffic from the lungs to the liver: An example of metastatic inefficiency , 1980, International journal of cancer.

[20]  R. Prehn Tumor progression and homeostasis. , 1976, Advances in cancer research.

[21]  D. Perl,et al.  Intraneuronal aluminum accumulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia of Guam. , 1982, Science.

[22]  I. Fidler,et al.  Tumor heterogeneity and the biology of cancer invasion and metastasis. , 1978, Cancer research.

[23]  I. Fidler,et al.  Cancer metastasis is selective or random depending on the parent tumour population , 1982, Nature.

[24]  F. Miller,et al.  Immunologic heterogeneity of tumor cell subpopulations from a single mouse mammary tumor. , 1979, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[25]  N. Suzuki,et al.  Isolation from a murine fibrosarcoma of cell lines with enhanced plating efficiency in vitro. , 1978, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[26]  T. Boon,et al.  Tumor cell variants obtained by mutagenesis of a Lewis lung carcinoma cell line: immune rejection by syngeneic mice. , 1979, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[27]  L. Liotta,et al.  In vivo monitoring of the death rate of artificial murine pulmonary micrometastases. , 1978, Cancer research.

[28]  M. Kripke,et al.  Speculations on the role of ultraviolet radiation in the development of malignant melanoma. , 1979, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[29]  M. Delbrück,et al.  Mutations of Bacteria from Virus Sensitivity to Virus Resistance. , 1943, Genetics.

[30]  I. Hart The selection and characterization of an invasive variant of the B16 melanoma. , 1979, The American journal of pathology.

[31]  I. Fidler,et al.  Cancer Invasion and Metastasis , 1980, The Quarterly review of biology.

[32]  R. Nicoll,et al.  General anesthetics hyperpolarize neurons in the vertebrate central nervous system. , 1982, Science.

[33]  S. Eccles,et al.  Effect of cyclosporin A on the growth and spontaneous metastasis of syngeneic animal tumours. , 1980, British Journal of Cancer.

[34]  H. Harris,et al.  The cellular origin of chemically induced tumours. , 1978, Journal of cell science.

[35]  A. Salsbury The significance of the circulating cancer cell. , 1975, Cancer treatment reviews.

[36]  J. Barrett,et al.  Evidence for the progressive nature of neoplastic transformation in vitro. , 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[37]  M. Burger,et al.  Liver‐colonizing melanoma cells selected from B‐16 melanoma , 1979, International journal of cancer.

[38]  I. Fidler,et al.  Metastasis results from preexisting variant cells within a malignant tumor. , 1977, Science.

[39]  R. Kerbel,et al.  Immunoselection in vitro of a non‐metastatic variant from a highly metastatic tumor , 1981, International journal of cancer.

[40]  P. Fialkow Clonal origin of human tumors. , 1976, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[41]  M. S. Fisher,et al.  Enhanced metastatic potential of murine fibrosarcomas treated in vitro with ultraviolet radiation. , 1981, Cancer research.

[42]  P. Fialkow,et al.  Multicellular origin of fibrosarcomas in mice induced by the chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene , 1979, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[43]  T. Boon,et al.  Rejection by syngeneic mice of cell variants obtained by mutagenesis of a malignant teratocarcinoma cell line. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[44]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Selection of malignant melanoma variant cell lines for ovary colonization. , 1979, Journal of supramolecular structure.

[45]  N. Withers,et al.  Laboratory Cultivation of Prochloron, a Tryptophan Auxotroph , 1982, Science.

[46]  I. Fidler,et al.  Relationship Between Metastatic Potential and Resistance to Natural Killer Cellmediated Cytotoxicity in Three Murine Tumor Systems , 1981 .

[47]  T. Tsuruo,et al.  Differences in drug sensitivity among tumor cells from parental tumors, selected variants, and spontaneous metastases. , 1981, Cancer research.

[48]  E. Henshaw,et al.  Specific immunotherapy of advanced renal carcinoma: Evidence for the polyclonality of metastases , 1981, Cancer.

[49]  A. Raz,et al.  Murine melanoma: a model for intracranial metastasis. , 1980, British Journal of Cancer.

[50]  D M Gersten,et al.  The biology of cancer invasion and metastasis. , 1978, Advances in cancer research.

[51]  T. Boon,et al.  Teratocarcinoma cell variants rejected by syngeneic mice: protection of mice immunized with these variants against other variants and against the original malignant cell line. , 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[52]  C. Bucana,et al.  Demonstration of multiple phenotypic diversity in a murine melanoma of recent origin. , 1981, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[53]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Selection and altered properties of brain-colonising metastatic melanoma , 1978, Nature.

[54]  I. Fidler,et al.  The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis , 1980, Nature.

[55]  R. Kerbel,et al.  Induction of a tumor with greatly increased metastatic growth potential by injection of cells from a low‐metastatic H‐2 heterozygous tumor cell line into an H‐2 incompatible parental strain , 1978, International journal of cancer.

[56]  M. Burger,et al.  Non-metastasising variants selected from metastasising melanoma cells , 1977, Nature.

[57]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Phenotypic drift of metastatic and cell‐surface properties of mammary adenocarcinoma cell clones during growth in vitro , 1981, International journal of cancer.

[58]  J. S. Henderson,et al.  THE PLATING OF TUMOR COMPONENTS ON THE SUBCUTANEOUS EXPANSES OF YOUNG MICE , 1962, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[59]  I. Fidler,et al.  The implications of tumor heterogeneity for studies on the biology and therapy of cancer metastasis , 1981 .

[60]  J. Dennis,et al.  Apparent reversion of stable in vitro genetic markers detected in tumour cells from spontaneous metastases , 1981, Nature.

[61]  C. Tropé,et al.  Heterogeneity of human adenocarcinomas of the colon and the stomach as regards sensitivity to cytostatic drugs. , 1975, Neoplasma.

[62]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Interactions of tumor cells with vascular endothelial cell monolayers: a model for metastatic invasion. , 1979, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[63]  R. Kerbel Implications of immunological heterogeneity of tumours , 1979, Nature.

[64]  G. Klein,et al.  Immune surveillance against virus-induced tumors and nonrejectability of spontaneous tumors: contrasting consequences of host versus tumor evolution. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[65]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Selection and biologic properties of malignant variants of a murine lymphosarcoma. , 1978, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[66]  E. Briles,et al.  Isolation and metastatic properties of detachment variants of B16 melanoma cells. , 1978, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[67]  P. Nowell The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations. , 1976, Science.

[68]  P. Gullino,et al.  Quantitation of cell shedding into efferent blood of mammary adenocarcinoma. , 1975, Cancer research.

[69]  I. Fidler,et al.  In vitro selection of murine B16 melanoma variants with enhanced tissue-invasive properties. , 1980, Cancer research.

[70]  M. Brennan,et al.  The variability of estrogen receptors in metastatic breast cancer. , 1979, American journal of surgery.

[71]  I. Fidler,et al.  Metastasis: Quantitative Analysis of Distribution and Fate of Tumor Emboli Labeled With 125I-5-Iodo-2′ -deoxyuridine , 1970 .

[72]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Organ selectivity for implantation survival and growth of B16 melanoma variant tumor lines. , 1976, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[73]  M. Lohmann‐Matthes,et al.  Tumor metastases and cell‐mediated immunity in a model system in DBA/2 mice. I. Tumor invasiveness in vitro and metastasis formation in vivo , 1979, International journal of cancer.

[74]  I. Fidler,et al.  Role of organ selectivity in the determination of metastatic patterns of B16 melanoma. , 1980, Cancer research.

[75]  R. Prehn Analysis of antigenic heterogeneity within individual 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse sarcomas. , 1970, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[76]  J. Fallon,et al.  Myocardial injury: quantitation by cell sorting initiated with antimyosin fluorescent spheres. , 1982, Science.

[77]  G. Nicolson Metastatic tumor cell attachment and invasion assay utilizing vascular endothelial cell monolayers. , 1982, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society.

[78]  Kerbel Rs Immunologic studies of membrane mutants of a highly metastatic murine tumor. , 1979 .

[79]  J. Talmadge,et al.  Introduction of metastatic heterogeneity by short-term in vivo passage of a cloned transformed cell line. , 1979, Journal of supramolecular structure.

[80]  A. Mantovani,et al.  Metastasizing capacity of tumour cells from spontaneous metastases of transplanted murine tumours. , 1980, British Journal of Cancer.

[81]  I. Fidler Biological behavior of malignant melanoma cells correlated to their survival in vivo. , 1975, Cancer research.

[82]  I. Fidler,et al.  Characterization in vivo and in vitro of tumor cells selected for resistance to syngeneic lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. , 1976, Cancer research.

[83]  F. Miller,et al.  Growth interaction in vivo between tumor subpopulations derived from a single mouse mammary tumor. , 1980, Cancer research.

[84]  S. Oredsson,et al.  Polyamine depletion influences drug-induced chromosomal damage. , 1982, Science.