Localisation of underwater targets using sensor networks

Precise localisation and tracking of underwater targets in regimes like oceanography, fisheries and military applications is of prime importance owing to various phenomena that impede the accuracy of physical measurements. An approach for localisation of unknown underwater targets using a minimally configurable, three buoy sensor networks using passive listening concepts has been prototyped. The system comprises three sensor nodes, each consisting of mechanically steerable hydrophone array and support electronics. The sensor system picks up the noise emanations from the targets of interest and the hydrophone array of each node gets aligned to the Direction of maximum signal Arrival DOA. Using the DOAs measured, the distances of the target from the three nodes are computed. The prototype localiser model has been field tested and the validation tests yielded encouraging results within the limits of theoretical approximations and measurement errors, which necessitated the need for refining the estimates using Kalman filter.

[1]  P. R. Saseendran Pillai,et al.  Refining Underwater Target Localization and Tracking Estimates , 2011 .

[2]  R. E. Kalman,et al.  A New Approach to Linear Filtering and Prediction Problems , 2002 .

[3]  Avinash C. Kak,et al.  Array signal processing , 1985 .

[4]  M. H. Supriya,et al.  A command driven DSP hardware for DOA estimation , 2009, 2009 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL 2009).

[5]  Robert J. Urick,et al.  Principles of underwater sound , 1975 .

[6]  Richard O. Nielsen,et al.  Sonar Signal Processing , 1991 .

[7]  Greg Welch,et al.  An Introduction to Kalman Filter , 1995, SIGGRAPH 2001.

[8]  M. H. Supriya,et al.  Towards improving the target recognition using spectral and cepstral features , 2007 .

[9]  D. Simon,et al.  Kalman filtering with state equality constraints , 2002 .

[10]  M. H. Supriya,et al.  Development of a hardware based underwater target identification system , 2009, 2009 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL 2009).

[11]  Frank L. Lewis,et al.  A note on Kalman filtering , 1999 .

[12]  M. H. Supriya,et al.  Tracking of a maneuvering underwater target , 2011, 2011 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics.

[13]  T. Binesh,et al.  State Transition Matrix for an HMM based underwater target classifier , 2009, 2009 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL 2009).

[14]  T. Binesh,et al.  Discrete Sine Transform based HMM underwater signal classifier , 2011, 2011 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics.

[15]  A. Pascoal,et al.  UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC POSITIONING SYSTEMS BASED ON BUOYS WITH GPS , 2006 .

[16]  S.M. Kay,et al.  Digital signal processing for sonar , 1981, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[17]  M. H. Supriya,et al.  Improving the localization estimates using Kalman filters , 2009, 2009 International Symposium on Ocean Electronics (SYMPOL 2009).