Electric vehicle wireless charging technology: a state-of-the-art review of magnetic coupling systems

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular due to concerns about the environment and rising gasoline prices. However, the charging infrastructure is lacking, and most people can only charge their EVs at home if they remember to plug in their cars. Using the principles of magnetic inductance and magnetic resonance, wireless charging (WC) could help significantly with these infrastructure problems by making charging secure and convenient. WC systems also have the potential to provide dynamic charging, making long road trips with EVs feasible and eliminating range anxiety. In this paper, we review the companies available in the literature that have developed electric vehicle wireless charging systems, automobile manufacturers interested in such technology, and research from universities and laboratories on the topic. While the field is still very young, there are many promising technologies available today. Some systems have already been in use for years, recharging public transit buses at bus stops. Safety and regulations are also discussed.

[1]  Omer C. Onar,et al.  A novel wireless power transfer for in-motion EV/PHEV charging , 2013, 2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[2]  Takehiro Imura,et al.  Maximizing Air Gap and Efficiency of Magnetic Resonant Coupling for Wireless Power Transfer Using Equivalent Circuit and Neumann Formula , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[3]  Hunter H. Wu,et al.  A High Efficiency 5 kW Inductive Charger for EVs Using Dual Side Control , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[4]  Takehiro Imura,et al.  Wireless Power Transfer System via Magnetic Resonant Coupling at Fixed Resonance Frequency-Power Transfer System Based on Impedance Matching- , 2010 .

[5]  H. H. Wu,et al.  A review on inductive charging for electric vehicles , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC).

[6]  Yasuyoshi Kaneko,et al.  Small-size light-weight transformer with new core structure for contactless electric vehicle power transfer system , 2011, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[7]  Hidetoshi Matsuki,et al.  Research on Highly Efficient Contactless Power Station System using Meander Coil for Moving Electric Vehicle Model , 2012 .

[8]  D. Savitz,et al.  INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION , 2011 .

[9]  M. Soljačić,et al.  Efficient wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer , 2006, physics/0611063.

[10]  R. D. Lorenz,et al.  Development and Validation of Model for 95%-Efficiency 220-W Wireless Power Transfer Over a 30-cm Air Gap , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[11]  G A Covic,et al.  Fact Sheet Series : No . 1 – Basic Concepts , 2013 .

[12]  Gianmario Pellegrino,et al.  An integral battery charger with Power Factor Correction for electric scooter , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference.

[13]  Y. Hori,et al.  Basic study of improving efficiency of wireless power transfer via magnetic resonance coupling based on impedance matching , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[14]  Giulia Fanti,et al.  Wireless power transfer using weakly coupled magnetostatic resonators , 2010, 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[15]  Toshikazu Horiuchi,et al.  Study on Planar Antennas for Wireless Power Transmission of Electric Vehicles , 2010 .

[16]  Weilai Li,et al.  High efficiency wireless power transmission at low frequency using permanent magnet coupling , 2009 .

[17]  U. Madawala,et al.  A Bidirectional Inductive Power Interface for Electric Vehicles in V2G Systems , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[18]  Grant A. Covic.  Inductive power transfer: Powering our future , 2013 .

[19]  Grant Covic,et al.  Inductive Power Transfer , 2013, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[20]  L. Dumitriu,et al.  On wireless power transfer , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE).

[21]  Jin Huh,et al.  KAIST Wireless Electric Vehicles - OLEV , 2011 .

[22]  엘로 하리헤이키.  Wireless energy transfer , 2008 .

[23]  Wei Guo,et al.  A 10kW 97%-efficiency LLC resonant DC/DC converter with wide range of output voltage for the battery chargers in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2012, 2012 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC).

[24]  M. Soljačić,et al.  Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances , 2007, Science.

[25]  M. Kesler.  Highly Resonant Wireless Power Transfer: Safe, Efficient, and over Distance , 2013 .

[26]  Takehiro Imura,et al.  Wireless Power Transfer during Displacement Using Electromagnetic Coupling in Resonance , 2010 .

[27]  A. Ahlbom.  Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz) , 1998 .

[28]  Takehiro Imura,et al.  Study on open and short end helical antennas with capacitor in series of wireless power transfer using magnetic resonant couplings , 2009, 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[29]  Jong-Moo Lee,et al.  Circuit-Model-Based Analysis of a Wireless Energy-Transfer System via Coupled Magnetic Resonances , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[30]  Jenshan Lin,et al.  Design and Test of a High-Power High-Efficiency Loosely Coupled Planar Wireless Power Transfer System , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[31]  Takehiro Imura,et al.  Basic experimental study on helical antennas of wireless power transfer for Electric Vehicles by using magnetic resonant couplings , 2009, 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.