ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG)

Electroencephalography is a domain concerning recording and interpretation of the electroencephalogram. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a record of the electric signal generated by the cooperative action of brain cells, or more precisely, the time course of extracellular field potentials generated by their synchronous action. Electroencephalogram derives from the Greek words enkephalo (brain) and graphein (to write). EEG can be measured by means of electrodes placed on the scalp or directly on the cortex. In the latter case, it is sometimes called electrocorticogram (ECoG). Electric fields measured intracortically were named Local Fields Potentials (LFP). EEG recorded in the absence of an external stimulus is called spontaneous EEG; EEG generated as a response to external or internal stimulus is called an event-related potential (ERP). The amplitude of EEG of a normal subject in the awake state recorded with the scalp electrodes is 10–100 mV. In case of epilepsy, the EEG amplitudes may increase by almost an order of magnitude. In the cortex, amplitudes are in the range 500–1500mV.

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