Chapter 10 – Scale Formation and Prevention

[1]  A. Ostroff,et al.  Proximate calculation of the solubility of gypsum in natural brines from 28.degree. to 70.degree. , 1967, Environmental science & technology.

[2]  H. C. Simpson,et al.  Calcium sulphate scale deposition in sea water evaporators , 1967 .

[3]  E. A. Cadwallader,et al.  CaSO4 SEEDING PREVENTS CaSO4 SCALE , 1963 .

[4]  R. E. Hall.  A System of Boiler Water Treatment Based on Chemical Equilibrium. , 1925 .

[5]  W. L. Marshall,et al.  Aqueous Systems at High Temperatures XIV. Solubility and Thermodynamic Relationships for CaSO4 in NaCl-H2O Solutions from 40 to 200 C., 0 to 4 Molal NaCl. , 1964 .

[6]  W. F. Langelier,et al.  Mechanism and Control of Scale Formation in Sea Water Distillation , 1954 .

[7]  E. Bock,et al.  ON THE SOLUBILITY OF ANHYDROUS CALCIUM SULPHATE AND OF GYPSUM IN CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AT 25 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, AND 50 °C , 1961 .

[8]  W. L. Marshall.  Aqueous systems at high temperature. XX. Dissociation constant and thermodynamic functions for magnesium sulfate to 200/sup 0/C , 1967 .

[9]  D. Caldwell,et al.  Scale Control in Sea Water Distillation Equipment - Contact Stabilization , 1950 .

[10]  B. M. Fabuss,et al.  Transient Solubilities and Phase Changes of Calcium Sulfate in Aqueous Sodium Chloride. , 1966 .

[11]  R. Siever,et al.  Interstitial Waters of Recent Marine Muds Off Cape Cod , 1961, Science.

[12]  E. Posnjak.  Deposition of calcium sulfate from sea water , 1940 .

[13]  E. Mccartney,et al.  The effect of additives upon the process of crystallization: I. Crystallization of calcium sulfate , 1958 .

[14]  Alfred H. White,et al.  Mechanism of Formation of Calcium Sulfate Boiler Scale , 1929 .

[15]  Everett P. Partridge,et al.  THE SOLUBILITY OF CALCIUM SULFATE FROM 0 TO 200 , 1929 .

[16]  B. M. Fabuss,et al.  Transient Solubilities in the Calcium Sulfate-Water System. , 1964 .

[17]  A. G. Ostroff,et al.  Solubility of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate in the System NaCl-MgCl2-H2O from 28° to 70° C. , 1966 .

[18]  L. Junghahn.  Ursachen der Krustenbildung , 1962 .

[19]  W. F. Langelier.  Chemical Equilibria in Water Treatment , 1946 .

[20]  D. Klein,et al.  Homogeneous nucleation of magnesium hydroxide. , 1967, Talanta.

[21]  G. Tunell,et al.  Use of hydrothermal solution equipment to determine the solubility of anhydrite in water from 100 degrees C to 275 degrees C and from 1 bar to 1000 bars pressure , 1963 .