An Asynchronous MPGA THx2 Cell and Architecture for Mitigating Side-Channel Attacks

To mitigate side-channel attacks (SCAs), we propose a unique mask programmable gate array (MPGA) based on a new THx2 threshold cell. MPGAs require a base cell that is a complete set of logic so that it can be wired together to form any digital system. To meet that criteria, we take advantage of CMOS transistors to implement a single THx2 threshold cell capable of performing both TH12 and TH22 asynchronous operations. To maintain a continuous diffusion region and minimize area in the THx2 cell, we present optimal Euler circuits with common nodes for both the TH12 and TH22 modes of THx2. Our unique THx2 implementation makes it possible to form a complete set of asynchronous threshold gates and a complete set of standard combinational logic functions. We describe the operation of the THx2 cell, show how THx2 forms a complete set of logic, show a minimum sized layout topology for THx2 cells, and show how other threshold functions and logic gates are created using the THx2 cell. It should be noted that our THx2 cell is suitable for MOSFET or FinFET implementation, is Trojan proof, and can take advantage of split manufacturing as an added safeguard against tampering.