Entrepreneurship, Subjectivism, and the Resource-Based View: Towards a New Synthesis

This paper maintains that the consistent application of subjectivism helps to reconcile contemporary entrepreneurship theory with strategic management research in general, and the resource-based view in particular. The paper synthesizes theoretical insights from Austrian economics and Penrose's (1959) resources approach, arguing that entrepreneurship is inherently subjective and firm specific. This new synthesis describes how entrepreneurship is manifested in teams, and is driven by both heterogeneity of managerial mental models and shared team experiences.

[1]  Richard Winefield,et al.  Never the Twain Shall Meet , 2009 .

[2]  Christian Geisler Asmussen,et al.  Local, regional, or global? Quantifying MNE geographic scope , 2009 .

[3]  David A. Harper Towards a theory of entrepreneurial teams , 2008 .

[4]  D. MacKenzie,et al.  The use of knowledge about society , 2008 .

[5]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Original and Derived Judgment: An Entrepreneurial Theory of Economic Organization , 2007 .

[6]  Bent Petersen,et al.  How do we capture “Global Specialization” when measuring firms’ degree of globalization? , 2007 .

[7]  Joseph T. Mahoney,et al.  Resources, Capabilities and Entrepreneurial Perceptions , 2007 .

[8]  Kirsten Foss,et al.  The Entrepreneurial Organization of Heterogeneous Capital , 2007 .

[9]  Max Keilbach,et al.  The Theory of Knowledge Spillover Entrepreneurship , 2007 .

[10]  J. Barney,et al.  Discovery and Creation: Alternative Theories of Entrepreneurial Action , 2007 .

[11]  J. Barney,et al.  The Entrepreneurial Theory of the Firm , 2007 .

[12]  C. M. Connell Discerning a mentor's role , 2007 .

[13]  James O. Fiet,et al.  A Prescriptive Analysis of Search and Discovery , 2007 .

[14]  N. Foss,et al.  Towards a Dynamic Resource-based View: Insights from Austrian Capital and Entrepreneurship Theory , 2007 .

[15]  Allen C. Bluedorn,et al.  Beyond Creative Destruction and Entrepreneurial Discovery: A Radical Austrian Approach to Entrepreneurship , 2007 .

[16]  Joseph T. Mahoney,et al.  The field of strategic management within the evolving science of strategic organization , 2007 .

[17]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  The limits to designed orders: Authority under “distributed knowledge” conditions , 2006 .

[18]  Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk,et al.  Positive theory of capital , 2006 .

[19]  Joseph T. Mahoney,et al.  How property rights economics furthers the resource-based view: Resources, transaction costs and entrepreneurial discovery , 2006 .

[20]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Institutions as Knowledge Capital: Ludwig M' Lachmann's Interpretative Institutionalism , 2006 .

[21]  N. Foss,et al.  Economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity: Some cross-country evidence , 2006 .

[22]  Torben Pedersen,et al.  Decision Factors Influencing MNEs Regional Headquarters Location Selection Strategies , 2006 .

[23]  T. Pedersen,et al.  Learning Paths to Offshore Outsourcing - From Cost Reduction to Knowledge Seeking , 2006 .

[24]  S. Zahra,et al.  Entrepreneurship and Dynamic Capabilities: A Review, Model and Research Agenda , 2006 .

[25]  Jack A. Goncalo,et al.  Individualism-collectivism and group creativity. , 2006 .

[26]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Entrepreneurship, Transaction Costs, and Resource Attributes , 2006 .

[27]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Knowledge and Organization in the Theory of the Multinational Corporation: Some Foundational Issues , 2006 .

[28]  Ibuki Ishikawa,et al.  The Source of Competitive Advantage and Entrepreneurial Judgment in the RBV: Insights from the Austrian School Perspective , 2006 .

[29]  V. Mahnke,et al.  Does Knowledge Sharing Pay? An MNC Subsidiary Perspective on Knowledge Outflows , 2006 .

[30]  Teppo Felin,et al.  Individuals and Organizations: Thoughts on a Micro-Foundations Project for Strategic Management and Organizational Analysis , 2006 .

[31]  Torben Pedersen,et al.  Determining Factors of Subsidiary Development , 2006 .

[32]  Jay B. Barney,et al.  Should Strategic Management Research Engage Public Policy Debates , 2005 .

[33]  N. Foss Scientific Progress in Strategic Management: The Case of the Resource-Based View , 2005 .

[34]  T. Andersen,et al.  The Performance and Risk Management Implications of Multinationality: An Industry Perspective , 2005 .

[35]  K. Heimeriks *Alliance Capability as a Mediator between Experience and Alliance Performance: An Empirical Investigation into the Alliance Capability Development Process , 2005 .

[36]  Gabriel R. G. Benito,et al.  An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Industry Factors in the Internationalization Patterns of Firms , 2005 .

[37]  Huseyin Leblebici,et al.  How do interdependencies among human-capital deployment, development, and diversification strategies affect firms' financial performance? , 2005 .

[38]  Torben Pedersen,et al.  Closing the Knowledge Gap in Foreign Markets - A Learning Perspective , 2005 .

[39]  Kirsten Foss,et al.  Hands Off! How Organizational Design Can Make Delegation Credible , 2005 .

[40]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Simon on Problem-Solving: Implications for New Organizational Forms , 2005 .

[41]  P. Christensen,et al.  Facilitating Knowledge Sharing: A Conceptual Framework , 2005 .

[42]  Jay B. Barney,et al.  How Do Entrepreneurs Organize Firms Under Conditions of Uncertainty? , 2005 .

[43]  T. Andersen,et al.  Capital Structure, Environmental Dynamism, Innovation Strategy, and Strategic Risk Management , 2005 .

[44]  T. Andersen,et al.  A Strategic Risk Management Framework for Multinational Enterprise , 2005 .

[45]  Curtis M. Grimm,et al.  Strategy As Action: Competitive Dynamics and Competitive Advantage , 2005 .

[46]  Thomas Ritter,et al.  The knowledge retrieval matrix: codification and personification as separate strategies , 2005, J. Knowl. Manag..

[47]  R. Langlois,et al.  The Entrepreneurial Theory of the Firm and the Theory of the Entrepreneurial Firm , 2005 .

[48]  Stanislav D. Dobrev,et al.  Organizational Roles and Transitions to Entrepreneurship Организационные роли и переходы к предпринимательству , 2005 .

[49]  Peter G. Klein,et al.  The Theory of the Firm and its Critics: A Stocktaking and Assessment , 2005 .

[50]  Joseph T. Mahoney,et al.  Examining the Penrose effect in an international business context: the dynamics of Japanese firm growth in US industries , 2005 .

[51]  D. Minbaeva,et al.  HRM practices and MNC knowledge transfer , 2005 .

[52]  C. Shalley,et al.  The Effects of Personal and Contextual Characteristics on Creativity: Where Should We Go from Here? , 2004 .

[53]  Jay B. Barney,et al.  Organizing rent generation and appropriation: toward a theory of the entrepreneurial firm , 2004 .

[54]  Maria Minniti,et al.  Entrepreneurial alertness and asymmetric information in a spin-glass model , 2004 .

[55]  Nicholas Dew,et al.  Dispersed knowledge and an entrepreneurial theory of the firm , 2004 .

[56]  Joseph T. Mahoney Economic Foundations of Strategy , 2004 .

[57]  Lars Frederiksen,et al.  Why Firm-established User Communities Work for Innovation: The Personal Attributes of Innovative Users in the Case of Computer-controlled Music , 2004 .

[58]  Joseph T. Mahoney,et al.  Edith Penrose's (1959) Contributions to the Resource‐based View of Strategic Management , 2004 .

[59]  Kenneth Husted,et al.  Mapping Knowledge and Intellectual Capital in Academic Environments: A Focus Group Study , 2004 .

[60]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Cognition and Motivation in the Theory of the Firm: Interaction or "Never the Twain Shall Meet"? , 2004 .

[61]  David G. Sirmon,et al.  A Model of Strategic Entrepreneurship: The Construct and its Dimensions , 2003 .

[62]  Yasemin Y. Kor,et al.  Experience-Based Top Management Team Competence and Sustained Growth , 2003, Organ. Sci..

[63]  Olav Sorenson,et al.  FROM CONCEPTION TO BIRTH: OPPORTUNITY PERCEPTION AND RESOURCE MOBILIZATION IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP , 2003 .

[64]  S. Shane A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity Nexus , 2003 .

[65]  Kathleen M. Eisenhardt,et al.  Austrian Insights on Strategic Organization: From Market Insights to Implications for Firms , 2003 .

[66]  Constance E. Helfat,et al.  External management succession, human capital, and firm performance: an integrative analysis , 2003 .

[67]  D. Ketchen From the Special Issue Editor Entrepreneurship: Past Accomplishments and Future Challenges , 2003 .

[68]  Kamran Baig An act of creation , 2003, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[69]  Joseph T. Mahoney,et al.  Penrose’s Resource-Based Approach: The Process and Product of Research Creativity , 2002 .

[70]  M. S. Snow Competition as a discovery procedure , 2002 .

[71]  R. Duane Ireland,et al.  Book Reviews , 2002 .

[72]  S. Zahra,et al.  Absorptive Capacity: A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extension , 2002 .

[73]  Mason A. Carpenter,et al.  The Implications of Strategy and Social Context for the Relationship Between Top , 2002 .

[74]  Shawn L. Berman,et al.  Tacit Knowledge as a Source of Competitive Advantage in the National Basketball Association , 2002 .

[75]  Sharon Bailin CREATIVITY IN CONTEXT , 2002 .

[76]  Suresh Kotha,et al.  Continuous “Morphing”: Competing Through Dynamic Capabilities, Form, and Function , 2001 .

[77]  J. Barney,et al.  The resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after 1991 , 2001 .

[78]  Lowell W. Busenitz,et al.  The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory , 2001 .

[79]  M. Hitt,et al.  Strategic entrepreneurship: entrepreneurial strategies for wealth creation , 2001 .

[80]  Curba Morris Lampert,et al.  Entrepreneurship in the large corporation: a longitudinal study of how established firms create breakthrough inventions , 2001 .

[81]  S. Sarasvathy Causation and Effectuation: Toward a Theoretical Shift from Economic Inevitability to Entrepreneurial Contingency , 2001 .

[82]  Jerome A. Katz,et al.  The Psychological Basis of Opportunity Identification: Entrepreneurial Alertness , 2001 .

[83]  Antony P. Mueller Financial cycles, business activity, and the stock market , 2001 .

[84]  Rita Gunther McGrath Exploratory Learning, Innovative Capacity, and Managerial Oversight , 2001 .

[85]  M. Hitt,et al.  Direct and Moderating Effects of Human Capital on Strategy and Performance in Professional Service Firms: A Resource-Based Perspective , 2001 .

[86]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Assets, Attributes and Ownership , 2001 .

[87]  S. Shane Prior Knowledge and the Discovery of Entrepreneurial Opportunities , 2000 .

[88]  M. Hitt,et al.  PRIVATIZATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TRANSrORMATION: EMERGING ISSUES AND A rUTURE RESEARCH AGENDA , 2000 .

[89]  C. Earley,et al.  Creating hybrid team cultures: An empirical test of transnational team functioning. , 2000 .

[90]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Edith Penrose, Economics and Strategic Management , 1999 .

[91]  Allen C. Bluedorn,et al.  The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management , 1999 .

[92]  Douglass C. North,et al.  Understanding the Process of Economic Change , 1999 .

[93]  Elaine Mosakowski,et al.  Managerial prescriptions under the resource‐based view of strategy: the example of motivational techniques , 1998 .

[94]  Moshe Farjoun,et al.  The independent and joint effects of the skill and physical bases of relatedness in diversification , 1998 .

[95]  S. Faraj,et al.  Entrepreneurial Resources, Organizational Choices, and Competitive Outcomes , 1998 .

[96]  U. Witt Imagination and leadership – The neglected dimension of an evolutionary theory of the firm , 1998 .

[97]  L. Donaldson Strategic Leadership: Top Executives and Their Effects on Organizations , 1997 .

[98]  Elaine Mosakowski,et al.  Strategy Making Under Causal Ambiguity: Conceptual Issues and Empirical Evidence , 1997 .

[99]  D. Teece,et al.  DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT , 1997 .

[100]  Constance E. Helfat,et al.  Know-how and asset complementarity and dynamic capability accumulation : The case of R&D , 1997 .

[101]  R. Coff Human Assets and Management Dilemmas: Coping With Hazards On the Road to Resource-Based Theory , 1997 .

[102]  J. Spender Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm , 1996 .

[103]  R. Grant Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm,” Strategic Management Journal (17), pp. , 1996 .

[104]  Theresa S. Cho,et al.  The Influence of Top Management Team Heterogeneity on Firms' Competitive Moves , 1996 .

[105]  James M. Utterback,et al.  Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation , 1996 .

[106]  K. R. Conner,et al.  A Resource-Based Theory of the Firm: Knowledge Versus Opportunism , 1996 .

[107]  Lowell W. Busenitz Research on Entrepreneurial Alertness: Sampling, Measurement, and Theoretical Issues , 1996 .

[108]  David L. Deeds,et al.  THE IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRY STRUCTURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FIRM PROFITABILITY: A NEO-AUSTRIAN PERSPECTIVE , 1996 .

[109]  N. Foss,et al.  Austrian and Post-Marshallian Economics: The Bridging Work of George Richardson , 1996 .

[110]  Deepak K. Datta,et al.  CEO Characteristics: Does Industry Matter? , 1996 .

[111]  Allen C. Amason Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making: Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams , 1996 .

[112]  M. Gordon,et al.  PUBLICATION RECORDS AND TENURE DECISIONS IN THE FIELD OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT , 1996 .

[113]  J. Barney Looking inside for competitive advantage , 1995 .

[114]  Joseph T. Mahoney,et al.  The management of resources and the resource of management , 1995 .

[115]  J. Walsh Managerial and Organizational Cognition: Notes from a Trip Down Memory Lane , 1995 .

[116]  James D. Westphal,et al.  Who Shall Govern? CEO/Board Power, Demographic Similarity, and New Director Selection , 1995 .

[117]  Ari Ginsberg,et al.  MINDING THE COMPETITION: FROM MAPPING TO MASTERY , 1994 .

[118]  Augustine A. Lado,et al.  Human Resource Systems and Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Competency-Based Perspective , 1994 .

[119]  Roger E. Backhouse,et al.  Equilibrium and evolution : an exploration of connecting principles in economics , 1994 .

[120]  S. Mohammed,et al.  Team Mental Model: Construct or Metaphor? , 1994 .

[121]  William J. Baumol,et al.  Entrepreneurship, Management, and the Structure of Payoffs , 1994 .

[122]  Elaine Mosakowski,et al.  A Resource-Based Perspective on the Dynamic Strategy-Performance Relationship: An Empirical Examination of the Focus and Differentiation Strategies in Entrepreneurial Firms , 1993 .

[123]  Robert E. Hoskisson,et al.  BOARD OF DIRECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN RESTRUCTURING: THE EFFECTS OF BOARD VERSUS MANAGERIAL CONTROLS , 1993 .

[124]  Margaret A. Peteraf The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource‐based view , 1993 .

[125]  P. Barr,et al.  Cognitive change, strategic action and organizational renewal , 1993 .

[126]  Robert Jacobson,et al.  The “Austrian” School of Strategy , 1992 .

[127]  B. Kogut,et al.  Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology , 1992 .

[128]  Joseph T. Mahoney,et al.  The resource-based view within the conversation of strategic management , 1992 .

[129]  S. Jackson Diversity in the Workplace: Human Resources Initiatives , 1992 .

[130]  P. Ghemawat Commitment: The Dynamic of Strategy , 1991 .

[131]  David Barry,et al.  Managing the bossless team: Lessons in distributed leadership , 1991 .

[132]  C. Marlene Fiol,et al.  Managing Culture as a Competitive Resource: An Identity-Based View of Sustainable Competitive Advantage , 1991 .

[133]  J. Barney Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage , 1991 .

[134]  H. Simon,et al.  Bounded Rationality and Organizational Learning , 1991 .

[135]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  Organizational Growth: Linking Founding Team, Strategy, Environment, and Growth among U.S. Semiconductor Ventures, 1978-1988. , 1990 .

[136]  Daniel A. Levinthal,et al.  ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON LEARNING AND INNOVATION , 1990 .

[137]  Karel Cool,et al.  Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage , 1989 .

[138]  Todd R. Zenger,et al.  Organizational Demography: The Differential Effects of Age and Tenure Distributions on Technical Communication , 1989 .

[139]  Barbara J. Bird Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention , 1988 .

[140]  Gerald P. O'Driscoll,et al.  The economics of time and ignorance , 1987 .

[141]  C. Prahalad,et al.  The dominant logic: A new linkage between diversity and performance , 1986 .

[142]  J. Barney Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy , 1986 .

[143]  M. Tushman,et al.  Technological Discontinuities and Organizational Environments , 1986 .

[144]  J. Walsh,et al.  The Role of Negotiated Belief Structures in Strategy Making , 1986 .

[145]  J. P. Wanous,et al.  Solution Diversity and the Quality of Groups Decisions , 1986 .

[146]  B. Wernerfelt,et al.  A Resource-Based View of the Firm , 1984 .

[147]  Jeffrey Pfeffer,et al.  Organizational demography and turnover in top-management groups. , 1984 .

[148]  Jeffrey Pfeffer,et al.  The effects of departmental demography on turnover: The case of a university. , 1983 .

[149]  S. Winter,et al.  An evolutionary theory of economic change , 1983 .

[150]  F. Machlup Methodology of Economics and Other Social Sciences , 1981 .

[151]  Martin Slater,et al.  The Managerial Limitation to the Growth of Firms , 1980 .

[152]  M. Lessnoff Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy , 1979 .

[153]  Jean-Jacques Laffont,et al.  A General Equilibrium Entrepreneurial Theory of Firm Formation Based on Risk Aversion , 1979, Journal of Political Economy.

[154]  S. Arieti,et al.  Creativity: The Magic Synthesis , 1979 .

[155]  L. Lachmann,et al.  Capital, expectations, and the market process : essays on the theory of the market economy , 1978 .

[156]  H. Demsetz,et al.  Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization , 1975, IEEE Engineering Management Review.

[157]  Israel M. Kirzner,et al.  Competition and Entrepreneurship , 1974 .

[158]  Paul H. Rubin The Expansion of Firms , 1973, Journal of Political Economy.

[159]  F. Machlup Essays on economic semantics , 1964 .

[160]  W. Hogan,et al.  A THEORY OF THE GROWTH OF THE FIRM , 1961 .

[161]  E. Penrose The theory of the growth of the firm twenty-five years after , 1960 .

[162]  M. Polanyi Personal Knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy , 1959 .

[163]  L. Lachmann,et al.  Capital and its structure , 1956 .

[164]  F. Hayek The counter-revolution of science : studies on the abuse of reason , 1953 .

[165]  T. I. Cook Administrative Behavior , 1950, The Review of Politics.

[166]  J. Solterer The Entrepreneur in Economic Theory , 1950 .

[167]  F. Hayek Individualism and Economic Order , 1949 .

[168]  J. Schumpeter Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy , 1943 .

[169]  F. Hayek,et al.  The Pure Theory of Capital , 1941 .

[170]  C. Barnard The Functions of the Executive , 1939 .

[171]  Bruce Caldwell,et al.  Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Competitive Market Process: An Austrian Approach , 2007 .

[172]  Daniel A. Levinthal,et al.  Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning , 2007 .

[173]  Joseph T. Mahoney,et al.  organization The field of strategic management within the evolving science of strategic , 2007 .

[174]  David G. Sirmon,et al.  Managing Firm Resources in Dynamic Environments to Create Value: Looking Inside the Black Box , 2007 .

[175]  J. Spender,et al.  THE RBV, METHODOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALISM, AND MANAGERIAL COGNITION: PRACTICING ENTREPRENEURSHIP , 2006 .

[176]  A. Lindstrand,et al.  Turning social capital into business? A study of Swedish biotech firms' international expansion , 2006 .

[177]  Torben Pedersen,et al.  Evolution of Subsidiary Competences: Extending the Diamond Network Model , 2006 .

[178]  Felice Emanuele,et al.  Understanding the Process of Economic Change , 2006 .

[179]  R. Rumelt Theory, Strategy, and Entrepreneurship , 2005 .

[180]  Jens Gammelgaard,et al.  Knowledge-sharing Behavior and Post-acquisition Integration Failure , 2005 .

[181]  A. Salter,et al.  My Precious. The Role of Appropriability Strategies in Shaping Innovative Performance , 2005 .

[182]  Dana Minbaeva,et al.  Negative Impact of Hrm Complementarity on Knowledge Transfer in Mncs , 2005 .

[183]  Bent Petersen,et al.  How do we capture "Global Specialization" when measuring firms' degree of internationalization? , 2005 .

[184]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Resources and Transaction Costs: How the Economics of Property Rights Furthers the Resource-based View , 2004 .

[185]  Jens Gammelgaard,et al.  Subsidiary Upgrading?: Strategic Inertia in the Development of German-owned Subsidiaries in Hungary , 2004 .

[186]  Snejina Michailova,et al.  Knowledge Sharing and National Culture: A Comparison Between China and Russia , 2004 .

[187]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Methodological Individualism and the Organizational Capabilities Approach , 2004 .

[188]  N. Foss,et al.  The Next Step in the Evolution of the RBV: Integration with Transaction Cost Economics , 2004 .

[189]  B. Nielsen,et al.  Toward a Phase-Model of Global Knowledge Management Systems in Multinational Corporations , 2004 .

[190]  Simon C. Parker The Economics of Self-Employment and Entrepreneurship: Debt finance for entrepreneurial ventures , 2004 .

[191]  Richard N. Cardozo,et al.  A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development , 2003 .

[192]  Christos N. Pitelis,et al.  The Growth of the Firm: The Legacy of Edith Penrose , 2003 .

[193]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Governing Knowledge Processes: Theoretical Foundations and Research Opportunities , 2003 .

[194]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  "Tying the Manager's Hands": How Firms can make Credible Commitments that make Opportunistic Managerial Intervention Less Likely , 2003 .

[195]  Bent Petersen,et al.  Knowledge Gaps: The Case of Knowledge about Foreign Entry , 2003 .

[196]  Kenneth Husted,et al.  Enhancing selective capacity through venture bases , 2003 .

[197]  Torben Pedersen,et al.  Internal Versus External Knowledge Sourcing Of Subsidiaries - An Organizational Trade-Off , 2003 .

[198]  Snejina Michailova,et al.  Facilitating Knowledge Sharing in Russian and Chinese Subsidiaries: The Importance of Groups and Personal Networks , 2003 .

[199]  S. Shane A General Theory of Entrepreneurship , 2003 .

[200]  Peter G. Klein,et al.  Do Entrepreneurs Make Predictable Mistakes? Evidence from Corporate Divestitures , 2001 .

[201]  R. Amit,et al.  A dynamic perspective of internal fit in corporate venturing , 2001 .

[202]  S. Shane,et al.  The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research , 2000 .

[203]  S. Shane,et al.  The Promise of Enterpreneurship as a Field of Research , 2000 .

[204]  John Maynard Keynes,et al.  The general theory of employment internest and money . The theory of economic development : An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle , 1999 .

[205]  Jerome A. Katz Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth , 1998 .

[206]  P. Schoemaker,et al.  Strategic assets and organizational rent , 1993 .

[207]  L. Resnick,et al.  Social foundations of cognition. , 1993, Annual review of psychology.

[208]  Israel M. Kirzner The Meaning of Market Process , 1992 .

[209]  G. Dosi Sources, Procedures, and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation , 1988 .

[210]  T. Roehl,et al.  Mobilizing invisible assets , 1987 .

[211]  Gavin J. Wright An evolutionary theory of economic change , 1982 .

[212]  Mark C. Casson The Entrepreneur: An Economic Theory , 1982 .

[213]  Israel M. Kirzner,et al.  Perception, opportunity, and profit : studies in the theory of entrepreneurship , 1981 .

[214]  Israel M. Kirzner Perception, opportunity, and profit , 1979 .

[215]  L. Lachmann From Mises to Shackle: An Essay on Austrian Economics and the Kaleidic Society , 1976 .

[216]  K. Arrow The limits of organization , 1974 .

[217]  J. M. Buchanan,et al.  Cost and choice : an inquiry in economic theory , 1969 .

[218]  Israel M. Kirzner An Essay On Capital , 1966 .

[219]  L. Mises,et al.  Human Action: A Treatise on Economics , 1949 .

[220]  F. Hayek The economic nature of the firm: The use of knowledge in society , 1945 .

[221]  J. Schumpeter The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle , 1934 .

[222]  F. E. Principles of Economics , 1890, Nature.

[223]  A. Marshall,et al.  Principles of Economics , 1890 .

[224]  Nicolai J. Foss,et al.  Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics Entrepreneurship and the Economic Theory of the Firm: Any Gains from Trade? Entrepreneurship and the Economic Theory of the Firm: Any Gains from Trade , 2022 .