Design Framework for Optimal Deployment of Photovoltaic Hydrogen System with Battery Storage in Unbalanced Distribution System

Nations across the word are largely focusing on amalgamation of renewable energy source in order to achieve their goals of environment sustainability. Photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasing becoming popular in this respect but it has got shortcomings in terms of uncertainty and reliability. Battery storage devices are conventionally used to enhance the system efficiency but this solution is not viable for long term due to its short lifespan and high replacement cost. In recent years hydrogen has emerged as a potential solution for long term energy storage. Hydrogen can be produced using renewable energy making it an attractive green storage solution. In this standpoint a planning framework for optimal integration of solar hydrogen system consisting of PV, electrolyzer (EL), fuel cell (FC), hydrogen storage tank (HT) with battery storage in three phase real distribution network is proposed in this paper. Optimal deployment problem is solved considering maximization of financial, environment and reliability benefits to the system. Operational constraints of voltage unbalance, voltage profile and power flow is considered in the present multi-objective problem. A 240-node real radial distribution system, of Middle West US is considered as the test network which is equipped with smart meters which provides real time monitoring data. Extended non-dominant sorted genetic algorithm (E_NSGAII) is used to solve the multi-objective problem and to demonstrate its effectiveness it is compared with other algorithm using hyper-volume ratio (HVR) as the performance parameter.