The role of image size in the recognition of conversational facial expressions

Facial expressions can be used to direct the flow of a conversation as well as to improve the clarity of communication. The critical physical differences between expressions can, however, be small and subtle. Clear presentation of facial expressions in applied settings, then, would seem to require a large conversational agent. Given that visual displays are generally limited in size, the usage of a large conversational agent would reduce the amount of space available for the display of other information. Here, we examine the role of image size in the recognition of facial expressions. The results show that conversational facial expressions can be easily recognized at surprisingly small image sizes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[1]  Kristinn R. Thórisson,et al.  The Power of a Nod and a Glance: Envelope Vs. Emotional Feedback in Animated Conversational Agents , 1999, Appl. Artif. Intell..

[2]  Michael T. Motley,et al.  Facial Affect and Verbal Context in Conversation: Facial Expression as Interjection. , 1993 .

[3]  Peter Bull,et al.  Body movement and emphasis in speech , 1985 .

[4]  P. Ekman Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. , 1972 .

[5]  W. S. Condon,et al.  SOUND FILM ANALYSIS OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS , 1966, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[6]  Heinrich H. Bülthoff,et al.  The components of conversational facial expressions , 2004, APGV '04.

[7]  J. Bavelas,et al.  "I show how you feel": Motor mimicry as a communicative act. , 1986 .

[8]  Hao Yan,et al.  More than just a pretty face: conversational protocols and the affordances of embodiment , 2001, Knowl. Based Syst..

[9]  H. Bülthoff,et al.  The inaccuracy and insincerity of real faces , 2003 .

[10]  Catherine Pelachaud,et al.  Performative facial expressions in animated faces , 2001 .

[11]  J. Bavelas,et al.  Visible Acts of Meaning , 2000 .

[12]  Heinrich H. Bülthoff,et al.  How believable are real faces? Towards a perceptual basis for conversational animation , 2003, Proceedings 11th IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehension.

[13]  V. Yngve On getting a word in edgewise , 1970 .

[14]  J. Bavelas,et al.  Listeners as co-narrators. , 2000, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[15]  Matthew Stone,et al.  Making discourse visible: coding and animating conversational facial displays , 2002, Proceedings of Computer Animation 2002 (CA 2002).