Dynamic Transmission Control of Power Converter-Based Renewable Sources and Energy Storage for Temporary Frequency Support

Growing penetration level of power converter-based renewable sources (PCBRSs), which are promising to replace rotating system inertia, will bring a gap in frequency response of a power system. The frequency response of future systems might be considerably dynamic. Thus, the variability of the power output from these technologies has expanded the need for increased power system flexibility; fortunately, PCBRSs and energy storages are capable of providing flexible ancillary services on the frequency response. This paper proposes a dynamic transmission control (DTC) of PCBRSs with energy storages for short-term frequency support. The DTC is a conceptual upper-level controller that coordinates the outputs of PCBRSs based on the system frequency and dynamic capabilities of the PCBRSs. Thus, the DTC enables a group of the PCBRSs to provide harmonious collective output as a virtual synchronous power plant, which is more flexible than the conventional power plants.