Scientific Documentation of the Multiscale Model System M-SYS(METRAS, MITRAS, MECTM, MICTM, MESIM, MEMI), Technical Report 4, Meteorologisches Institut KlimaCampus Universitaet Hamburg, 140 p.

[1]  J. Curry,et al.  An intermediate one‐dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model for investigating ice‐atmosphere interactions , 1993 .

[2]  K. Schlünzen,et al.  Modification of dry deposition in a developing sea-breeze circulation—A numerical case study , 1992 .

[3]  W. Brutsaert.  The Roughness Length for Water Vapor Sensible Heat, and Other Scalars. , 1975 .

[4]  Gerit Birnbaum.  Numerische Modellierung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Atmosphäre und Meereis in der arktischen Eisrandzone (Numerical modelling of the interaction between atmosphere and sea ice in the Arctic marginal ice zone) , 1998 .

[5]  Tomio Asai,et al.  A numerical study of the air-mass transformation over the Japan Sea in winter , 1965 .

[6]  A. Martin.  Estimated washout coefficients for sulphur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone , 1984 .

[7]  Ulrich Schumann,et al.  Three-Dimensional Mass- and Momentum-Consistent Helmholtz-Equation in Terrain-Following Coordinates , 1984 .

[8]  M. Kanda,et al.  Roughness Lengths for Momentum and Heat Derived from Outdoor Urban Scale Models , 2007 .

[9]  F. Shuman.  Numerical Experiments with the Primitive Equations , 1960 .

[10]  E. Josberger.  Bottom ablation and heat transfer coefficients from the 1983 Marginal Ice Zone Experiments , 1987 .

[11]  I. Troen,et al.  A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer; sensitivity to surface evaporation , 1986 .

[12]  H. Kapitza,et al.  A 3-d poisson solver based on conjugate gradients compared to standard iterative methods and its performance on vector computers , 1987 .

[13]  J. Deardorff.  Efficient prediction of ground surface temperature and moisture, with inclusion of a layer of vegetation , 1978 .

[14]  J. Seinfeld.  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution , 1986 .

[15]  I. Orlanski.  A Simple Boundary Condition for Unbounded Hyperbolic Flows , 1976 .

[16]  C. Lüpkes,et al.  Modelling the arctic convective boundary-layer with different turbulence parameterizations , 1996 .

[17]  G. J. Haltiner.  Numerical Prediction and Dynamic Meteorology , 1980 .

[18]  R. Pielke.  Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling , 1984 .

[19]  P. Smolarkiewicz,et al.  The multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm: further development and applications , 1986 .

[20]  P. Smolarkiewicz.  A Fully Multidimensional Positive Definite Advection Transport Algorithm with Small Implicit Diffusion , 1984 .

[21]  R. Pielke,et al.  Variations of sulfur dioxide deposition velocity resulting from terrain-forced mesoscale circulations , 1988 .

[22]  J. Marshall,et al.  THE DISTRIBUTION OF RAINDROPS WITH SIZE , 1948 .

[23]  K. H. Schlünzen,et al.  Application of the concept of blending height to the calculation of surface fluxes in a mesoscale model , 1996 .

[24]  Ralf Wolke,et al.  A Comparison of Fast Chemical Kinetic Solvers in a Simple Vertical Diffusion Model , 1994 .

[25]  P. S. Brown,et al.  Numerical Computations of the Latitudinal Variation of Solar Radiation for an Atmosphere of Varying Opacity , 1974 .

[26]  E. Kessler.  On the distribution and continuity of water substance in atmospheric circulations , 1969 .

[27]  P. Bougeault.  A non-reflective upper boundary condition for limited-height hydrostatic models. , 1983 .

[28]  Silke Dierer.  Untersuchung von groß- und mesoskaligen Einflüssen auf die Entwicklung polarer Mesozyklonen mit Hilfe des Modells METRAS , 2002 .

[29]  J. Deardorff.  Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model , 1980 .

[30]  Alan C. Lloyd,et al.  A chemical mechanism for use in long‐range transport/acid deposition computer modeling , 1986 .

[31]  Vergleichende Untersuchungen eines optimierten dynamisch-thermodynamischen Meereismodells mit Beobachtungen im Weddellmeer (Comparison of an optimized dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model with observations in the Weddell Sea) , 1995 .

[32]  B. D. Jong.  Net radiation received by a horizontal surface at the earth. , 1973 .

[33]  W. Hibler.  A Dynamic Thermodynamic Sea Ice Model , 1979 .

[34]  B. Hicks,et al.  Estimated dry deposition velocities of sulfur over the eastern United States and surrounding regions , 1979 .

[35]  D. Durran,et al.  An Upper Boundary Condition Permitting Internal Gravity Wave Radiation in Numerical Mesoscale Models , 1983 .

[36]  B. Hicks,et al.  Momentum, heat and water vapour transfer to and from natural and artificial surfaces , 1973 .

[37]  P. Smolarkiewicz.  A Simple Positive Definite Advection Scheme with Small Implicit Diffusion , 1983 .

[38]  Martin Claussen,et al.  Estimation of areally-averaged surface fluxes , 1991 .

[39]  On the vertical structure of the eddy diffusion coefficient in the PBL , 1982 .

[40]  G. Maykut,et al.  Some results from a time‐dependent thermodynamic model of sea ice , 1971 .

[41]  S. A. Stigant,et al.  Introduction to Vector and Tensor Analysis , 1954, Nature.

[42]  G. Schröder.  Development and test of a multiple grids option in a mesoscale model , 2008 .

[43]  T. Clark.  A small-scale dynamic model using a terrain-following coordinate transformation , 1977 .

[44]  R. Pielke,et al.  The Adequacy of the Hydrostatic Assumption in Sea Breeze Modeling over Flat Terrain , 1983 .

[45]  Steven A. Ackerman,et al.  A Shortwave Parameterization Revised to Improve Cloud Absorption , 1984 .

[46]  C. Trozzi,et al.  Air Pollutant Emissions from ships: high , 1998 .

[47]  Paulette Middleton,et al.  A three‐dimensional Eulerian acid deposition model: Physical concepts and formulation , 1987 .

[48]  K. Emde.  Solving conservation laws with parabolic and cubic splines , 1992 .

[49]  P. R. Rao,et al.  Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modelling , 1984 .

[50]  A. Dyer.  A review of flux-profile relationships , 1974 .

[51]  Christof Lüpkes.  Untersuchungen zur Parametrisierung von Koagulationsprozessen niederschlagsbildender Tropfen , 1991 .

[52]  K. H. Schluenzen.  Numerical studies on the inland penetration of sea breeze fronts at a coastline with tidally flooded mudflats , 1990 .

[53]  Henk A. van der Vorst,et al.  Bi-CGSTAB: A Fast and Smoothly Converging Variant of Bi-CG for the Solution of Nonsymmetric Linear Systems , 1992, SIAM J. Sci. Comput..

[54]  John A. Dutton,et al.  The Ceaseless Wind: An Introduction to the Theory of Atmospheric Motion , 1976 .

[55]  K. Heinke Schlünzen,et al.  Impact of surface parameter uncertainties on the development of a trough in the Fram Strait region , 2010 .

[56]  W. Brutsaert.  Evaporation into the atmosphere , 1982 .

[57]  Hajo Eicken,et al.  Salinity profiles of Antarctic sea ice : field data and model results , 1992 .

[58]  R. Shapiro.  The Use of Linear Filtering as a Parameterization of Atmospheric Diffusion , 1971 .

[59]  William H. Raymond,et al.  A radiation boundary condition for multi‐dimensional flows , 1984 .

[60]  B. Hicks.  Application of Forest Canopy—Atmosphere Turbulent Exchange Information , 1985 .

[61]  Albert A. M. Holtslag,et al.  Eddy Diffusivity and Countergradient Transport in the Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer , 1991 .

[62]  A. Arakawa,et al.  Numerical methods used in atmospheric models , 1976 .

[63]  A. Semtner.  A MODEL FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC GROWTH OF SEA ICE IN NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CLIMATE , 1975 .

[64]  M. Iqbal.  An introduction to solar radiation , 1983 .

[65]  Donald K. Perovich,et al.  The role of shortwave radiation in the summer decay of a sea ice cover , 1987 .

[66]  Ralf Koppmann,et al.  Joint modelling of obstacle induced and mesoscale changes—Current limits and challenges , 2011 .

[67]  M. Wesely,et al.  SO2, sulfate and HNO3 deposition velocities computed using regional landuse and meteorological data , 1986 .

[68]  Trockene Deposition reaktionsträger Substanzen, beschrieben mit einem diagnostischen Simulationsmodell der bodennahen Luftschicht , 1985 .

[69]  Markus Harder.  Dynamik, Rauhigkeit und Alter des Meereises in der Arktis - numerische Untersuchungen mit einem großskaligen Modell = Dynamics, roughness, and age of Arctic sea ice - numerical investigations with a large-scale model , 1996 .

[70]  H. Leighton,et al.  A Three-Dimensional Cloud Chemistry Model. , 1986 .

[71]  C. W. Kreitzberg,et al.  A Time-Dependent Lateral Boundary Scheme for Limited-Area Primitive Equation Models , 1976 .

[72]  L. Barrie,et al.  A literature review of dry deposition of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen with emphasis on long-range transport modelling in North America , 1986 .

[73]  P. Roache.  QUANTIFICATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS , 1997 .

[74]  B. Hicks,et al.  Some factors that affect the deposition rates of sulfur dioxide and similar gases on vegetation , 1977 .

[75]  Günter Gross.  Eine Erklärung des Phänomens Maloja-Schlange mittels numerischer Simulation , 1984 .

[76]  D. Durran.  The effects of moisture on mountain lee waves , 1981 .

[77]  On the choice of relaxation coefficients for Davies' lateral boundary scheme for regional weather prediction models , 1993 .