High-performance organic small-molecule panchromatic photodetectors.

High-performance panchromatic organic photodetectors (OPDs) containing small molecules lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) and C70 fullerene as donor and acceptor, respectively, were demonstrated. The OPDs had either a PbPc/C70 planar heterojunction (PHJ) or a PbPc/PbPc:C70/C70 hybrid planar-mixed molecular heterojunction (PM-HJ) structure. Both the PHJ and the PM-HJ devices showed a broad-band response that covered wavelengths from 300 to 1100 nm. An external quantum efficiency (EQE) higher than 10% and detectivity on the order of 10(12) Jones were obtained in the wavelength region from 400 to 900 nm for the PHJ device. The EQE in the near-infrared region was enhanced by using the PM-HJ device structure, and a maximum EQE of 30.2% at 890 nm was observed for the optimized device with a 5% PbPc-doped C70 layer. Such an EQE is the highest at this wavelength of reported OPDs. The detectivity of the PM-HJ devices was also higher than that of the PHJ one, which is attributed to the increased efficiency of exciton dissociation in bulk heterojunction structure, increased absorption efficiency caused by formation of triclinic PbPc in the PbPc:C70 mixed film when it was deposited on a pristine PbPc layer, and high hole mobility of the PbPc-doped C70 layer.

[1]  Xin Xu,et al.  Broad spectral response using carbon nanotube/organic semiconductor/C60 photodetectors. , 2009, Nano letters.

[2]  S. Forrest,et al.  A hybrid planar-mixed tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene/C70 photovoltaic cell , 2013 .

[3]  Nicolas Chevalier,et al.  Work Function Tuning for High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Organic Photodetectors with Inverted Structure , 2013, Advanced materials.

[4]  F. Fang,et al.  Efficient organic near-infrared photodetectors based on lead phthalocyanine/C60 heterojunction , 2014 .

[5]  R. Holmes,et al.  Efficient, bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells based on boron subphthalocyanine chloride-C70 , 2012 .

[6]  Jang‐Joo Kim,et al.  Multilayer epitaxial growth of lead phthalocyanine and C(70) using CuBr as a templating layer for enhancing the efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[7]  William J. Potscavage,et al.  Comparison of small amounts of polycrystalline donor materials in C70-based bulk heterojunction photovoltaics and optimization of dinaphthothienothiophene based photovoltaic , 2014 .

[8]  R. Lunt,et al.  Porphyrin‐Tape/C60 Organic Photodetectors with 6.5% External Quantum Efficiency in the Near Infrared , 2010, Advanced materials.

[9]  Yang Yang,et al.  Co‐Evaporated Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with >6.0% Efficiency , 2012, Advanced materials.

[10]  R. Holmes,et al.  Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells Based on Nanocrystalline Mixtures of Boron Subphthalocyanine Chloride and C60 , 2012 .

[11]  Ying Zheng,et al.  Enhancing photovoltaic response of organic solar cells using a crystalline molecular template , 2012 .

[12]  Junbiao Peng,et al.  Highly responsive organic near-infrared photodetectors based on a porphyrin small molecule , 2014 .

[13]  Xiong Gong,et al.  Organic photoresponse materials and devices. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[14]  Dongge Ma,et al.  1,1-Bis[(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane for fast response organic photodetectors with high external efficiency and low leakage current , 2013 .

[15]  J. Moon,et al.  High-Detectivity Polymer Photodetectors with Spectral Response from 300 nm to 1450 nm , 2009, Science.

[16]  L. S. Roman,et al.  Modeling photocurrent action spectra of photovoltaic devices based on organic thin films , 1999 .

[17]  Weiwei Li,et al.  Small-bandgap semiconducting polymers with high near-infrared photoresponse. , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[18]  James A. Davey,et al.  Family of diazapentalene chromophores and narrow-band-gap polymers: Synthesis, halochromism, halofluorism, and visible-near infrared photodetectivity , 2012 .

[19]  M. Sampietro,et al.  Panchromatic squaraine compounds for broad band light harvesting electronic devices , 2012 .

[20]  Tianyou Zhang,et al.  The influence of donor material on achieving high photovoltaic response for organic bulk heterojunction cells with small ratio donor component , 2013 .

[21]  F. Fang,et al.  Aluminum-doped zinc oxide as anode for organic near-infrared photodetectors , 2014 .

[22]  Luping Yu,et al.  Plastic Near‐Infrared Photodetectors Utilizing Low Band Gap Polymer , 2007 .

[23]  Russell J. Holmes,et al.  Tandem organic photodetectors with tunable, broadband response , 2012 .

[24]  Stephen R Forrest,et al.  Relationship between Crystalline Order and Exciton Diffusion Length in Molecular Organic Semiconductors , 2010, Advanced materials.

[25]  C. Brabec,et al.  Increased Open‐Circuit Voltage of Organic Solar Cells by Reduced Donor‐Acceptor Interface Area , 2014, Advanced materials.

[26]  Ji Qi,et al.  Panchromatic small molecules for UV-Vis-NIR photodetectors with high detectivity , 2014 .

[27]  Chun‐Sing Lee,et al.  High response organic ultraviolet photodetector based on blend of 4,4′,4″-tri-(2-methylphenyl phenylamino) triphenylaine and tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium , 2008 .

[28]  Alexander L. Ayzner,et al.  Controlling the texture and crystallinity of evaporated lead phthalocyanine thin films for near-infrared sensitive solar cells. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[29]  Katsuhiro Akimoto,et al.  Structural control of organic solar cells based on nonplanar metallophthalocyanine/C60 heterojunctions using organic buffer layers , 2011 .

[30]  J. Meiss,et al.  Improved bulk heterojunction organic solar cells employing C70 fullerenes , 2009 .

[31]  Fujun Zhang,et al.  Organic ultraviolet photodetector based on phosphorescent material. , 2013, Optics letters.

[32]  Xianyu Deng,et al.  Aligned nanofibers as an interfacial layer for achieving high-detectivity and fast-response organic photodetectors. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[33]  Masahiro Hiramoto,et al.  Near infrared light driven organic p-i-n solar cells incorporating phthalocyanine J-aggregate , 2011 .

[34]  Graeme P. Williams,et al.  Role of the donor material and the donor–acceptor mixing ratio in increasing the efficiency of Schottky junction organic solar cells , 2013 .

[35]  Haigui Yang,et al.  Surface plasmon enhanced organic solar cells with a MoO3 buffer layer. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[36]  S. Forrest,et al.  Use of additives in porphyrin-tape/C60 near-infrared photodetectors , 2011 .

[37]  William J. Potscavage,et al.  Highly efficient bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on C70 and tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene , 2013 .

[38]  Yong-Young Noh,et al.  Organic Light Detectors: Photodiodes and Phototransistors , 2013, Advanced materials.

[39]  Stephen R. Forrest,et al.  A Hybrid Planar–Mixed Molecular Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cell , 2005 .

[40]  X. Gong,et al.  Solution-Processed High-Detectivity Near-Infrared Polymer Photodetectors Fabricated by a Novel Low-Bandgap Semiconducting Polymer , 2013 .

[41]  Hongkun Tian,et al.  Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells with Low Donor Concentration , 2011, Advanced materials.