Effect of fly ash and repeated loading on diffusion coefficient in chloride migration test

Abstract In this paper, the effect of fly ash (FA) on the diffusion coefficient of concrete subjected to repeated loading was examined. Portland cement was replaced by three percentages (20%, 30% and 40%) of FA. Five repeated loading were applied to concrete specimens using a WHY series full automatic testing machine. The maximum loadings were 40% and 80% of the axial cylinder compressive strength ( f c ′ ). The diffusion coefficients were calculated from the steady state in the chloride migration test by using the Nernst–Planck equation. The results indicate that the use of FA causes a lower cylinder compressive strength and a higher diffusion coefficient at the age of 28 d. This trend increases with increasing of FA replacement. Compared with nonload specimens, five repeated loadings at 40% or 80% f c ′ increases the diffusion coefficients (D28) for all mixes investigated in this study. The impacts of FA and repeated loading on the service life prediction from Life-365 model are discussed.

[1]  Wei Sun,et al.  Effect of chloride salt, freeze–thaw cycling and externally applied load on the performance of the concrete , 2002 .

[2]  Z. Lounis,et al.  Nonlinear relationships between parameters of simplified diffusion-based model for service life design of concrete structures exposed to chlorides , 2009 .

[3]  Odd E. Gjørv,et al.  An electrochemical method for accelerated testing of chloride diffusivity in concrete , 1994 .

[4]  Chi Sun Poon,et al.  Effect of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on Compressive and Fracture Behaviors of Concrete , 1998 .

[5]  H. Moon,et al.  Frost attack resistance and steel bar corrosion of antiwashout underwater concrete containing mineral admixtures , 2007 .

[6]  G. Glass,et al.  CHLORIDE TRANSPORT IN CONCRETE SUBJECTED TO ELECTRIC FIELD , 1998 .

[7]  Ming-Te Liang,et al.  Service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures , 1999 .

[8]  R. Feldman,et al.  Studies on mechanics of development of physical and mechanical properties of high-volume fly ash-cement pastes , 1990 .

[9]  S. Hanehara,et al.  Effects of water/powder ratio, mixing ratio of fly ash, and curing temperature on pozzolanic reaction of fly ash in cement paste , 2001 .

[10]  Kenneth C. Hover,et al.  Influence of microcracking on the mass transport properties of concrete , 1992 .

[11]  Hyun-Bo Shim,et al.  Service life prediction of repaired concrete structures under chloride environment using finite difference method , 2009 .

[12]  Gilles Pijaudier-Cabot,et al.  Effects and interactions of temperature and stress-level related damage on permeability of concrete , 2007 .

[13]  Abdelkarim Aït-Mokhtar,et al.  A DIRECT METHOD FOR DETERMINING CHLORIDE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT BY USING MIGRATION TEST , 2004 .

[14]  Á. D. Maio,et al.  Sulfate attack on concrete with mineral admixtures , 1996 .

[15]  C. Poon,et al.  Degree of hydration and gel/space ratio of high-volume fly ash/cement systems , 2000 .

[16]  Brad Violetta,et al.  Life-365 Service Life Prediction Model , 2002 .

[17]  G. Sposito,et al.  Influence of mineral admixtures on the alkali-aggregate reaction , 1997 .

[18]  Hui-sheng Shi,et al.  Influence of mineral admixtures on compressive strength, gas permeability and carbonation of high performance concrete , 2009 .

[19]  G. Glass,et al.  Chloride‐induced corrosion of steel in concrete , 2000 .

[20]  Min-Hong Zhang,et al.  HYDRATION IN HIGH-VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE BINDERS , 1994 .

[21]  V. S. Ramachandran,et al.  Concrete Admixtures Handbook: Properties, Science and Technology , 1996 .

[22]  Michael D. A. Thomas,et al.  Modelling chloride diffusion in concrete: Effect of fly ash and slag , 1999 .

[23]  Carolyn M. Hansson,et al.  Chloride-induced corrosion products of steel in cracked-concrete subjected to different loading conditions , 2009 .

[24]  Shamsad Ahmad Reinforcement corrosion in concrete structures, its monitoring and service life prediction - A review , 2003 .

[25]  H. Ishimori,et al.  Chloride permeability of concrete under static and repeated compressive loading , 1995 .

[26]  Rachel J. Detwiler,et al.  Resistance to chloride intrusion of concrete cured at different temperatures , 1991 .

[27]  S. Kosmatka,et al.  Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures , 2002 .

[28]  W. Jason Weiss,et al.  Interaction between Loading, Corrosion, and Serviceability of Reinforced Concrete , 2000 .

[29]  R. Gagné,et al.  The effects of types of solutions used in accelerated chloride migration tests for concrete , 2001 .

[30]  Abdelkarim Aït-Mokhtar,et al.  Corrosion by chlorides in reinforced concrete: Determination of chloride concentration threshold by impedance spectroscopy , 2004 .

[31]  Ravindra K. Dhir,et al.  Rapid estimation of chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete , 1990 .

[32]  Prinya Chindaprasirt,et al.  Influence of fly ash fineness on the chloride penetration of concrete , 2007 .

[33]  Zhang Chengzhi,et al.  Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Alkali-Silica Reaction , 2008 .

[34]  James R. Clifton,et al.  Predicting the Service Life of Concrete , 1993 .

[35]  R. Gül,et al.  Influence of mineral admixtures on the mechanical properties and corrosion of steel embedded in high strength concrete , 2003 .

[36]  Erick Ringot,et al.  Mineral Admixtures in Mortars Effect of Type, Amount and Fineness of Fine Constituents on Compressive Strength , 2005 .

[37]  Xinying Lu,et al.  An experimental study on the properties of resistance to diffusion of chloride ions of fly ash and blast furnace slag concrete , 2000 .

[38]  Tahir Gonen,et al.  The influence of mineral admixtures on the short and long-term performance of concrete , 2007 .

[39]  Abdy Kermani,et al.  Permeability of stressed concrete , 1991 .

[40]  J. G. Cabrera,et al.  The effect of mineral admixtures on the properties of high-performance concrete , 2000 .

[41]  J. Marchand,et al.  INFLUENCE OF CURING TEMPERATURE ON CEMENT HYDRATION AND MECHANICAL STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT OF FLY ASH MORTARS , 1997 .

[42]  Carmen Andrade,et al.  Calculation of chloride diffusion coefficients in concrete from ionic migration measurements , 1993 .

[43]  E. E. Berry,et al.  Mechanisms of hydration reactions in high volume fly ash pastes and mortars , 1990 .

[44]  S. Nagataki,et al.  Evaluation of mineral admixtures on the viewpoint of chloride ion migration through mortar , 1999 .

[45]  Michael D.A. Thomas,et al.  An overview and sensitivity study of a multimechanistic chloride transport model , 1999 .

[46]  R. D. Hooton,et al.  Influence of voltage on chloride diffusion coefficients from chloride migration tests , 1996 .

[47]  Theodore W. Bremner,et al.  Effect of Stress on Gas Permeabilityin Concrete , 1996 .

[48]  F. Maou,et al.  Durability of a multiscale fibre reinforced cement composite in aggressive environment under service load , 2007 .

[49]  Wei Sun,et al.  The influence of mineral admixtures on resistance to corrosion of steel bars in green high-performance concrete , 2004 .

[50]  Zhang Wuman ACCELERATED LIFE TEST AND SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION OF CONCRETE , 2007 .

[51]  S. Tangtermsirikul,et al.  Effect of mineral admixtures and curing periods on shrinkage and cracking age under restrained condition , 2009 .

[52]  Nataliya Hearn,et al.  Effect of Shrinkage and Load-Induced Cracking on Water Permeability of Concrete , 1999 .

[53]  M. Kawamura,et al.  Beneficial effect of fly ash on chloride diffusivity of hardened cement paste , 1999 .