Estimation of the soil heat flux/net radiation ratio from spectral data

Reliable spatial averages of surface energy balance components are difficult to obtain without an extensive hydrological measurement system. Our objective was to develop a method using remote sensing for estimating soil heat flux, one component of the surface energy balance, for a range of canopy conditions that will be applicable to regional surface energy balance studies. Net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G) were measured during several days in fields of bare soil, alfalfa, and cotton at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, near Phoenix, AZ. Ground-based measurements of reflectance factors were also obtained with a multiband radiometer. Midday values of the ratio of soil heat flux and net radiation (G/Rn) were linearly related to the simple ratio and normalized difference vegetation indices. Relative to measurement errors, the estimates of G/Rn for cotton were found to be practically insensitive to changes in the value of the vegetative indices caused by spectral data collected at significantly different solar zenith and azimuth angles. Thus, multispectral data may provide a means of computing a more accurate area-averaged soil heat flux for regional energy balance studies.

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