Decentralized dynamic task allocation for UAVs with limited communication range

We present the Limited-range Online Routing Problem (LORP), which involves a team of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with limited communication range that must autonomously coordinate to service task requests. We first show a general approach to cast this dynamic problem as a sequence of decentralized task allocation problems. Then we present two solutions both based on modeling the allocation task as a Markov Random Field to subsequently assess decisions by means of the decentralized Max-Sum algorithm. Our first solution assumes independence between requests, whereas our second solution also considers the UAVs' workloads. A thorough empirical evaluation shows that our workload-based solution consistently outperforms current state-of-the-art methods in a wide range of scenarios, lowering the average service time up to 16%. In the best-case scenario there is no gap between our decentralized solution and centralized techniques. In the worst-case scenario we manage to reduce by 25% the gap between current decentralized and centralized techniques. Thus, our solution becomes the method of choice for our problem.

[1]  Nicholas R. Jennings,et al.  Market-Based Task Allocation Mechanisms for Limited-Capacity Suppliers , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[2]  Sven Koenig,et al.  Progress on Agent Coordination with Cooperative Auctions , 2010, AAAI.

[3]  Pierre T. Kabamba,et al.  Stability of Solutions to Classes of Traveling Salesman Problems , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.

[4]  Harold W. Kuhn,et al.  The Hungarian method for the assignment problem , 1955, 50 Years of Integer Programming.

[5]  Anthony Stentz,et al.  Multi-robot exploration controlled by a market economy , 2002, Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.02CH37292).

[6]  Nidhi Kalra,et al.  Market-Based Multirobot Coordination: A Survey and Analysis , 2006, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[7]  A. Ollero,et al.  Decentralized strategy to ensure information propagation in area monitoring missions with a team of UAVs under limited communications , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS).

[8]  Paul W. H. Chung,et al.  A Heuristic Distributed Task Allocation Method for Multivehicle Multitask Problems and Its Application to Search and Rescue Scenario , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.

[9]  Richard S. Zemel,et al.  HOP-MAP: Efficient Message Passing with High Order Potentials , 2010, AISTATS.

[10]  Lin Huang,et al.  Consensus of Multiagent Systems and Synchronization of Complex Networks: A Unified Viewpoint , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[11]  Pedro Meseguer,et al.  MAS-Planes: A Multi-Agent Simulation Environment to Investigate Decentralized Coordination for Teams of UAVs (Demonstration) , 2014 .

[12]  Michail G. Lagoudakis,et al.  Multi-robot routing under limited communication range , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[13]  M. Alighanbari,et al.  Decentralized Task Assignment for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles , 2005, Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[14]  F. Wilcoxon Individual Comparisons by Ranking Methods , 1945 .

[15]  Odest Chadwicke Jenkins,et al.  Multi-robot Markov random fields , 2008, AAMAS.

[16]  Milind Tambe,et al.  Engineering the Decentralized Coordination of UAVs with Limited Communication Range , 2013, CAEPIA.

[17]  Evangelos Markakis,et al.  Auction-Based Multi-Robot Routing , 2005, Robotics: Science and Systems.

[18]  Evangelos Markakis,et al.  The Power of Sequential Single-Item Auctions for Agent Coordination , 2006, AAAI.

[19]  D. Bertsekas The auction algorithm: A distributed relaxation method for the assignment problem , 1988 .

[20]  Nicholas R. Jennings,et al.  Bounded approximate decentralised coordination via the max-sum algorithm , 2009, Artif. Intell..

[22]  Anthony Stentz,et al.  A Free Market Architecture for Distributed Control of a Multirobot System , 2000 .

[23]  William T. Freeman,et al.  On the optimality of solutions of the max-product belief-propagation algorithm in arbitrary graphs , 2001, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[24]  Meritxell Vinyals Salgado Exploiting the structure of distributed constraint optimization problems to assess and bound coordinated actions in multi-agent systems , 2011 .

[25]  Maja J. Mataric,et al.  Sold!: auction methods for multirobot coordination , 2002, IEEE Trans. Robotics Autom..

[26]  Randal W. Beard,et al.  Decentralized Perimeter Surveillance Using a Team of UAVs , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Robotics.

[27]  Han-Lim Choi,et al.  Consensus-Based Decentralized Auctions for Robust Task Allocation , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Robotics.