Hierarchical power control of multiterminal HVDC grids

This article introduces a hierarchical power control structure for Multi-terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MT-HVDC) systems. The presented hierarchy is similar to the control structure used in classical AC transmission systems and is divided in primary, secondary and tertiary control actions. The voltage control in the MT-HVDC scheme acts in a way similar to the primary control action of generators in AC systems, while the secondary control action is performed by an outer power control loop. The design of the individual controllers and the interaction between these control loops is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the operational characteristics are described and the main operating points are identified. Scenarios including a power reference change and a grid side converter disconnection have been simulated in order to test and verify the proposed method. The main contribution of the paper is the development of a control methodology, providing a separation of the different control actions in different time domains, similar to what is already in use (and therefore known) within traditional power systems.