Fixed-interval retrodiction approach to Bayesian IMM-MHT for maneuvering multiple targets

In a Bayesian framework, we propose a hierarchy of suboptimal retrodiction algorithms that generalize Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) fixed-interval smoothing to multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) applications employing interacting multiple model (IMM) methods (IMM-MHT). As a limiting case we obtain new simple formulae for suboptimal fixed-interval smoothing applied to Markovian switching systems. Retrodiction techniques provide uniquely interpretable and accurate trajectories from ambiguous MHT output if a certain (small) time delay is tolerated. By a simulated example with two maneuvering targets that operate closely spaced under relatively hard conditions we demonstrate the potential gain by fixed-interval retrodiction and provide a quantitative idea of the achievable track accuracy and mean time delay involved.

[1]  Donald Reid An algorithm for tracking multiple targets , 1978 .

[2]  A. F. Smith,et al.  Statistical analysis of finite mixture distributions , 1986 .

[3]  Samuel S. Blackman,et al.  Multiple-Target Tracking with Radar Applications , 1986 .

[4]  Y. Bar-Shalom,et al.  The interacting multiple model algorithm for systems with Markovian switching coefficients , 1988 .

[5]  D. Salmond Mixture reduction algorithms for target tracking , 1989 .

[6]  Oliver E. Drummond,et al.  Challenges Of Developing Algorithms For Multiple Sensor, Multiple Target Tracking , 1989, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[7]  David J. Salmond Mixture reduction algorithms for target tracking in clutter , 1990 .

[8]  A. K. Mahalanabis,et al.  Improved multi-target tracking in clutter by PDA smoothing , 1990 .

[9]  Henk A. P. Blom,et al.  Time-reversion of a hybrid state stochastic difference system with a jump-linear smoothing application , 1990, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[10]  Oliver E. Drummond,et al.  Multiple target tracking with multiple frame, probabilistic data association , 1993, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[11]  Ingemar J. Cox,et al.  Modeling a Dynamic Environment Using a Bayesian Multiple Hypothesis Approach , 1994, Artif. Intell..

[12]  Lucy Y. Pao,et al.  Multisensor multitarget mixture reduction algorithms for tracking , 1994 .

[13]  J. A. Roecker Multiple scan joint probabilistic data association , 1995 .

[14]  Samuel S. Blackman,et al.  IMM/MHT tracking and data association for benchmark tracking problem , 1995, Proceedings of 1995 American Control Conference - ACC'95.

[15]  W. Koch,et al.  On Bayesian MHT for well-separated targets in densely cluttered environment , 1995, Proceedings International Radar Conference.

[16]  Ingemar J. Cox,et al.  On Finding Ranked Assignments With Application to Multi-Target Tracking and Motion Correspondence , 1995 .

[17]  William Dale Blair,et al.  Fixed-interval smoothing for Markovian switching systems , 1995, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[18]  Wolfgang Koch,et al.  Retrodiction for Bayesian multiple-hypothesis/multiple-target tracking in densely cluttered environment , 1996, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[19]  S. A. Hoffman,et al.  One-step fixed-lag smoothers for Markovian switching systems , 1996, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[20]  X. Rong Li,et al.  Hybrid Estimation Techniques , 1996 .

[21]  Oliver E. Drummond,et al.  Target tracking with retrodicted discrete probabilities , 1997, Optics & Photonics.

[22]  W. Koch,et al.  Multiple hypothesis track maintenance with possibly unresolved measurements , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[23]  Wolfgang Koch Bayesian MHT for formations with possibly unresolved measurements: quantitative results , 1997, Optics & Photonics.

[24]  W. Koch Experimental results on Bayesian MHT for maneuvering closely-spaced objects in a densely cluttered environment , 1997 .

[25]  G. V. Keuk Sequential track extraction , 1998 .