Dynamic range performance of on-chip rf bandpass filters

Despite decades of research in developing "single-chip" radio transceivers, most commercial designs continue to rely on off-chip components for RF bandpass filtering. Implementing these filters on-chip remains nearly as challenging today as it was ten years ago due to problems in meeting system requirements. Recent advances in silicon-on-insulator IC processes targeted at RF designs, however, offer the possibility of producing commercially-viable on-chip filters in the coming years using Q-enhancement techniques. This paper reviews filter implementation alternatives and dynamic range (DR) requirements, illustrating the fundamental advantages of Q-enhanced LC filters over active, inductorless, Gm-C designs. A 900-MHz Q-enhanced filter with a 20-MHz bandwidth is reported that achieves 78-dB DR in a 1-MHz bandwidth while consuming 39 mW. While still 15- to 20-dB below performance of comparable-power amplifiers and mixers, investigations of noise figure and inductor Q illustrate how future designs can correct this deficiency, bringing DR performance into the commercially acceptable range.

[1]  William B. Kuhn,et al.  Design of Integrated, Low Power, Radio Receivers in BiCMOS Technologies , 1995 .

[2]  John M. Khoury,et al.  Continuous-time MOSFET-C filters in VLSI , 1986 .

[3]  Weinan Gao,et al.  A linear integrated LC bandpass filter with Q-enhancement , 1998 .

[4]  Michiel Steyaert,et al.  A 10.7-MHz 68-dB SNR CMOS continuous-time filter with on-chip automatic tuning , 1992 .

[5]  Kenneth W. Martin,et al.  A Q-enhanced active-RLC bandpass filter , 1993, 1993 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[6]  N. M. Ibrahim,et al.  Analysis of current crowding effects in multiturn spiral inductors , 2001 .

[7]  F. W. Stephenson,et al.  Centre-tapped spiral inductors for monolithic bandpass filters , 1995 .

[8]  S. Wong,et al.  A 0-dB IL 2140 + /-30 MHz Bandpass Filter Utilizing Q-enhanced Spiral Inductors in Standard CMOS , 2001 .

[9]  William B. Kuhn,et al.  Bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator employing undersampling of RF signals for wireless communication , 2000 .

[10]  D. Kelly,et al.  Improvements to performance of spiral inductors on insulators , 2002, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.02CH37278).

[11]  Edgar Sánchez-Sinencio,et al.  An Accurate Quality Factor Tuning Scheme for IF and High-Q Continuous-Time Filters , 1999 .

[12]  C. Cané,et al.  Improvement of the quality factor of RF integrated inductors by layout optimization , 1998, 1998 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium. Digest of Papers (Cat. No.98CH36182).

[13]  K. Lakin,et al.  Integration of thin film resonator devices onto SiGe substrates , 2001, 2001 Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems. Digest of Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01EX496).

[14]  A. Elshabini-Riad,et al.  Dynamic range of high-Q OTA-C and enhanced-Q LC RF bandpass filters , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 37th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[15]  Eric A. Vittoz,et al.  Future of analog in the VLSI environment , 1990, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[16]  B. A. Minch,et al.  IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing , 1998 .

[17]  William B. Kuhn,et al.  Q-enhanced LC bandpass filters for integrated wireless applications , 1998 .

[18]  T.H. Lee,et al.  A 1.5 V, 1.5 GHz CMOS low noise amplifier , 1996, 1996 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Technical Papers.

[19]  Yannis Tsividis,et al.  A Si 1.8 GHz RLC filter with tunable center frequency and quality factor , 1996, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[20]  Asad A. Abidi,et al.  Low-power radio-frequency ICs for portable communications , 1995, Proc. IEEE.

[21]  C.T.-C. Nguyen,et al.  Tunable, switchable, high-Q VHF microelectromechanical bandpass filters , 1999, 1999 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers. ISSCC. First Edition (Cat. No.99CH36278).

[22]  William B. Kuhn,et al.  A 200 MHz CMOS Q-enhanced LC bandpass filter , 1996 .

[23]  G. Groenewold The design of high dynamic range continuous-time integratable bandpass filters , 1991 .

[24]  S.S. Wong,et al.  A 0 dB-IL, 2140/spl plusmn/30 MHz bandpass filter utilizing Q-enhanced spiral inductors in standard CMOS , 2001, 2001 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37185).

[25]  J. Canyon,et al.  High Q on-chip passive components for UTSi(R) CMOS technology , 1998, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.98CH36192).

[26]  P. Katzin,et al.  Active GaAs MMIC band-pass filters with automatic frequency tuning and insertion loss control , 1995 .

[27]  Thomas H. Lee,et al.  The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits: RF CIRCUITS THROUGH THE AGES , 2003 .

[28]  W. Snelgrove,et al.  Design and implementation of a tunable 40 MHz-70 MHz Gm-C bandpass /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator , 1997 .

[29]  Asad A. Abidi Noise in active resonators and the available dynamic range , 1992 .

[30]  Byeong-Ha Park,et al.  A 2.6 V GSM/PCN dual band variable gain low noise RF down conversion mixer , 2002, 2002 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium. Digest of Papers (Cat. No.02CH37280).

[31]  E. Zeisel,et al.  Highly linear SiGe BiCMOS LNA and mixer for cellular CDMA/AMPS applications , 2002, 2002 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium. Digest of Papers (Cat. No.02CH37280).

[32]  E. Sanchez-Sinencio,et al.  A practical quality factor tuning scheme for IF and high-Q continuous-time filters , 1998, 1998 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers, ISSCC. First Edition (Cat. No.98CH36156).

[33]  Michiel Steyaert,et al.  A 1.8-GHz low-phase-noise CMOS VCO using optimized hollow spiral inductors , 1997, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[34]  Lis K. Nanver,et al.  FM radio receiver front-end circuitry with on-chip SAW filters , 1989 .