[Psoriasis as an independent risk factor for development of coronary artery disease].

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with a relapsing course. The best known comorbidity is psoriatic arthritis. In daily clinical practise it is well known, that patients with psoriasis show more often classic cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, Diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia, hypertension, nicotine abuse often presenting as Metabolic Syndrome and suffer more often from coronary heart disease than patients without psoriasis. This could be demonstrated in numerous clinical and epidemiologic studies. In the last few years there is increasing evidence for psoriasis being an independent cardiovascular risk factor despite of concomitant classic risk factors. This review summarizes the current state of research and discusses possible common immunopathogenetic mechanisms.

[1]  Andrea B Troxel,et al.  Patients with severe psoriasis are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality: cohort study using the General Practice Research Database. , 2010, European heart journal.

[2]  Y. Tu,et al.  Prevalence of myocardial infarction in patients with psoriasis in central China , 2009, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[3]  P. Ridker Testing the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis: scientific rationale for the cardiovascular inflammation reduction trial (CIRT) , 2009, Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH.

[4]  C. Lang,et al.  More than skin deep: atherosclerosis as a systemic manifestation of psoriasis , 2009, The British journal of dermatology.

[5]  Børge G Nordestgaard,et al.  Reduction in C-reactive protein and LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular event rates after initiation of rosuvastatin: a prospective study of the JUPITER trial , 2009, The Lancet.

[6]  W. Boehncke,et al.  Komorbiditäten bei Psoriasis vulgaris , 2009, Der Hautarzt.

[7]  P. Ridker,et al.  AJC editor's consensus: psoriasis and coronary artery disease. , 2008, The American journal of cardiology.

[8]  Andrea B Troxel,et al.  The risk of mortality in patients with psoriasis: results from a population-based study. , 2007, Archives of dermatology.

[9]  K. Badenhoop,et al.  Psoriasis patients show signs of insulin resistance , 2007, The British journal of dermatology.

[10]  A. Silman,et al.  Reduction in the incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who respond to anti–tumor necrosis factor α therapy: Results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register , 2007, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[11]  Hyon K. Choi,et al.  Obesity, waist circumference, weight change, and the risk of psoriasis in women: Nurses' Health Study II. , 2007, Archives of internal medicine.

[12]  S. Gabriel,et al.  Heart disease in psoriasis. , 2007, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[13]  S. Piaserico,et al.  Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis: a hospital‐based case–control study , 2007, The British journal of dermatology.

[14]  C. Herzog,et al.  Psoriasis: a possible risk factor for development of coronary artery calcification , 2007, The British journal of dermatology.

[15]  B. Gersh Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Psoriasis , 2007 .

[16]  E. Sijbrands,et al.  Unfavorable cardiovascular risk profiles in untreated and treated psoriasis patients. , 2007, Atherosclerosis.

[17]  Daniel B. Shin,et al.  Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriasis. , 2022, Central European journal of public health.

[18]  M. Weichenthal,et al.  Increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis , 2006, Archives of Dermatological Research.

[19]  A. Hamsten,et al.  Psoriasis is associated with lipid abnormalities at the onset of skin disease. , 2006, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[20]  B. Thiers Impact of Obesity and Smoking on Psoriasis Presentation and Management , 2006 .

[21]  D. Margolis,et al.  Prevalence and treatment of psoriasis in the United Kingdom: a population-based study. , 2005, Archives of dermatology.

[22]  Ildikó Kriszbacher,et al.  Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. , 2005, New England Journal of Medicine.

[23]  L. Naldi,et al.  Cigarette smoking, body mass index, and stressful life events as risk factors for psoriasis: results from an Italian case-control study. , 2005, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[24]  C. Turesson,et al.  Treatment with tumor necrosis factor blockers is associated with a lower incidence of first cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. , 2005, The Journal of rheumatology.

[25]  S. Gabriel,et al.  Increased unrecognized coronary heart disease and sudden deaths in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. , 2005, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[26]  R. Kirsner,et al.  Methotrexate reduces incidence of vascular diseases in veterans with psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis. , 2005, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[27]  R. Madhok,et al.  Trial of Atorvastatin in Rheumatoid Arthritis (TARA): double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial , 2004, The Lancet.

[28]  L. Naldi,et al.  Epidemiology of psoriasis. , 2004, Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy.

[29]  J. McMurray,et al.  Targeted Anticytokine Therapy in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: Results of the Randomized Etanercept Worldwide Evaluation (RENEWAL) , 2004, Circulation.

[30]  F. Granath,et al.  Increased risk for cardiovascular mortality in psoriasis inpatients but not in outpatients , 2003, European Journal of Epidemiology.

[31]  C. Heeschen,et al.  Nicotine Strongly Activates Dendritic Cell–Mediated Adaptive Immunity: Potential Role for Progression of Atherosclerotic Lesions , 2003, Circulation.

[32]  Jukka T Salonen,et al.  The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. , 2002, JAMA.

[33]  M. Sopori,et al.  Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system , 2002, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[34]  James M Robins,et al.  Methotrexate and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study , 2002, The Lancet.

[35]  E. Christophers Psoriasis − epidemiology and clinical spectrum , 2001, Clinical and experimental dermatology.

[36]  I. Rebelo,et al.  Dislipidemia and oxidative stress in mild and in severe psoriasis as a risk for cardiovascular disease. , 2001, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[37]  J. Mckenney,et al.  Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). , 2001, JAMA.

[38]  F. Mach,et al.  Statins as a newly recognized type of immunomodulator , 2000, Nature Medicine.

[39]  J. Waalen,et al.  Acitretin in psoriasis: an overview of adverse effects. , 1999, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[40]  S. Textor,et al.  Cyclosporin-Induced Hypertension , 1999, Drug safety.

[41]  L. Naldi,et al.  Cigarette smoking and psoriasis. , 1998, Clinics in dermatology.

[42]  P. Zimmet,et al.  Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO Consultation , 1998, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[43]  R. Stern,et al.  The safety of etretinate as long-term therapy for psoriasis: results of the etretinate follow-up study. , 1995, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[44]  E. Christophers,et al.  Disease concomitance in psoriasis. , 1995, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[45]  B. Lindegård Diseases associated with psoriasis in a general population of 159,200 middle-aged, urban, native Swedes. , 1986, Dermatologica.

[46]  P. Calabresi,et al.  Complication of psoriasis. , 1973, JAMA.

[47]  P. Calabresi,et al.  Occlusive vascular disease in psoriatic patients. , 1973, The New England journal of medicine.