Context counts: The different implications of weekday and weekend video gaming for academic performance in mathematics, reading, and science

Abstract Video gaming has been a source of serious concern for parents and educators, based on the belief that video games disrupt adolescents' academic activities. However, previous studies have been mixed regarding video games’ effects on academic outcomes. We revisited this issue by analyzing data on approximately 30,000 adolescents from three large-scale public datasets. We consistently found that the more adolescents played video games on weekdays, the poorer they performed on standardized assessments of mathematics, reading, and science. In contrast, weekend video gaming was positively associated with academic performance. Our findings suggest that weekday and weekend video gaming may be differentially associated with academic outcomes, depending on the context in which it occurs.

[1]  C. Anderson,et al.  Television and Video Game Exposure and the Development of Attention Problems , 2010, Pediatrics.

[2]  Nicoleta Cutumisu,et al.  Association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and screen time among pre-school children: a cross-sectional study , 2010, BMC public health.

[3]  Bradley C. Love,et al.  Real-Time Strategy Game Training: Emergence of a Cognitive Flexibility Trait , 2013, PloS one.

[4]  Selcuk R. Sirin Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Review of Research , 2005 .

[5]  Vivek Anand,et al.  A Study of Time Management: The Correlation between Video Game Usage and Academic Performance Markers , 2007, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[6]  E. Costello,et al.  Impact of Bullying in Childhood on Adult Health, Wealth, Crime, and Social Outcomes , 2013, Psychological science.

[7]  D. Bavelier,et al.  Exercising your brain: a review of human brain plasticity and training-induced learning. , 2008, Psychology and aging.

[8]  Sandra L. Calvert,et al.  Exergames for Physical Education Courses: Physical, Social, and Cognitive Benefits. , 2011, Child development perspectives.

[9]  Sandra L. Hofferth,et al.  Children's Time With Fathers in Intact Families , 2001 .

[10]  E. V. Schie,et al.  Children and Videogames: Leisure Activities, Aggression, Social Integration, and School Performance , 1997 .

[11]  James D. Sauer,et al.  Video-Games Do Not Negatively Impact Adolescent Academic Performance in Science, Mathematics or Reading , 2014, PloS one.

[12]  Mary B. Harris,et al.  Video games and school performance. , 1985 .

[13]  Nash Unsworth,et al.  Is Playing Video Games Related to Cognitive Abilities? , 2015, Psychological science.

[14]  Marc N. Potenza,et al.  Video-Gaming Among High School Students: Health Correlates, Gender Differences, and Problematic Gaming , 2010, Pediatrics.

[15]  Scott E. Caplan,et al.  Who plays, how much, and why? Debunking the stereotypical gamer profile , 2008, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[16]  Robert Weis,et al.  Effects of Video-Game Ownership on Young Boys’ Academic and Behavioral Functioning , 2010, Psychological science.

[17]  P. Amato,et al.  Children of divorce in the 1990s: an update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis. , 2001, Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association.

[18]  Marc W. Howard,et al.  Constructing Semantic Representations From a Gradually Changing Representation of Temporal Context , 2011, Top. Cogn. Sci..

[19]  Thanh Le,et al.  Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K): Combined User's Manual for the ECLS-K Eighth-Grade and K-8 Full Sample Data Files and Electronic Codebooks. NCES 2009-004. , 2009 .

[20]  C. Ferguson The influence of television and video game use on attention and school problems: a multivariate analysis with other risk factors controlled. , 2011, Journal of psychiatric research.

[21]  Torsten Schubert,et al.  Video game practice optimizes executive control skills in dual-task and task switching situations. , 2012, Acta psychologica.

[22]  B. J. Myers,et al.  Video Games and Children: Effects on Leisure Activities, Schoolwork, and Peer Involvement. , 1986 .

[23]  C. Ferguson Do Angry Birds Make for Angry Children? A Meta-Analysis of Video Game Influences on Children’s and Adolescents’ Aggression, Mental Health, Prosocial Behavior, and Academic Performance , 2015, Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

[24]  Alexander von Eye,et al.  Internet use, videogame playing and cell phone use as predictors of children's body mass index (BMI), body weight, academic performance, and social and overall self-esteem , 2011, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[25]  C. S. Green,et al.  Action video game training for cognitive enhancement , 2015, Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences.

[26]  C. Anderson,et al.  A negative association between video game experience and proactive cognitive control. , 2010, Psychophysiology.

[27]  James D Sargent,et al.  Association Between Television, Movie, and Video Game Exposure and School Performance , 2006, Pediatrics.

[28]  Grace S Kao,et al.  Racial and Ethnic Stratification in Educational Achievement and Attainment , 2003 .

[29]  A. Huston,et al.  How young children spend their time: television and other activities. , 1999, Developmental psychology.

[30]  J. Wicherts,et al.  The Rules of the Game Called Psychological Science , 2012, Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

[31]  T. Judge,et al.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Do Nice Guys—and Gals—Really Finish Last? The Joint Effects of Sex and Agreeableness on Income , 2011 .

[32]  Wolfgang Schneider,et al.  Relations of Television Viewing and Reading: Findings From a 4-Year Longitudinal Study , 2007 .

[33]  J. Wilding,et al.  The relation of depression and anxiety to life-stress and achievement in students. , 2004, British journal of psychology.

[34]  Jan C. Frijters,et al.  Multiple-Component Remediation for Developmental Reading Disabilities , 2012, Journal of learning disabilities.

[35]  Lynette J. Tippett,et al.  Just how expert are “expert” video-game players? Assessing the experience and expertise of video-game players across “action” video-game genres , 2013, Front. Psychol..

[36]  D. Daley,et al.  ADHD and academic performance: why does ADHD impact on academic performance and what can be done to support ADHD children in the classroom? , 2010, Child: care, health and development.

[37]  S. Spencer,et al.  Stereotype Threat and Women's Math Performance , 1999 .

[38]  Lynette J. Tippett,et al.  The virtual brain: 30 years of video-game play and cognitive abilities , 2013, Front. Psychol..

[39]  Keiko Nakao,et al.  THE 1989 SOCIOECONOMIC INDEX OF OCCUPATIONS: CONSTRUCTION FROM THE 1989 OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE SCORES , 1989 .

[40]  Thomas R. Guskey,et al.  Making High School Grades Meaningful , 2006 .

[41]  Andree Hartanto,et al.  Age matters: The effect of onset age of video game play on task-switching abilities , 2016, Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics.

[42]  David C. Geary,et al.  Sex Differences in Mathematics and Reading Achievement Are Inversely Related: Within- and Across-Nation Assessment of 10 Years of PISA Data , 2013, PloS one.

[43]  Donna Christian,et al.  English Language Learners in U.S. Schools: An Overview of Research Findings , 2005 .